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368.46 604.88 3.36 -0.9 re
f
374.28 604.88 3.36 -0.9 re
f
380.1 604.88 3.36 -0.9 re
f
385.92 604.88 3.36 -0.9 re
f
391.74 604.88 3.36 -0.9 re
f
397.56 604.88 3.3 -0.9 re
f
1 i
403.38 604.88 m
403.38 603.98 l
405.54 603.98 l
405.66 604.52 l
405.66 606.14 l
404.82 606.14 l
404.82 604.52 l
405.18 604.52 l
405.18 604.88 l
f
404.82 612.32 0.84 -3.54 re
f
404.82 614.96 m
405.66 614.96 l
405.66 617 l
403.38 617 l
403.38 616.1 l
405.18 616.1 l
405.18 616.64 l
404.82 616.64 l
f
397.56 617 3.3 -0.9 re
f
391.74 617 3.36 -0.9 re
f
385.92 617 3.36 -0.9 re
f
380.1 617 3.36 -0.9 re
f
374.28 617 3.36 -0.9 re
f
368.46 617 3.36 -0.9 re
f
362.64 617 3.36 -0.9 re
f
BT
8.0782 0 0 8.0782 365.88 607.5203 Tm
-0.0323 Tc
0 Tw
[(li)-21.9(ng)-7.6(ui)-21.9(s)-7.1(t)-21.9(i)-14.4(q)-7.7(u)-15.1(e)]TJ
ET
197.64 683.24 m
197.16 683.24 l
197.16 682.76 l
199.98 682.76 l
199.98 683.66 l
196.8 683.66 l
196.8 679.76 l
197.64 679.76 l
f
196.8 677.06 0.84 -3.54 re
f
196.8 670.88 0.84 -3.54 re
f
197.64 664.7 m
196.8 664.7 l
196.8 661.7 l
197.16 661.58 l
198 661.58 l
198 662.42 l
197.16 662.42 l
197.16 662.06 l
197.64 662.06 l
f
200.46 662.42 3.36 -0.84 re
f
206.28 662.42 3.36 -0.84 re
f
212.1 662.42 3.36 -0.84 re
f
217.92 662.42 3.36 -0.84 re
f
223.74 662.42 3.3 -0.84 re
f
229.56 662.42 3.3 -0.84 re
f
235.38 662.42 3.3 -0.84 re
f
241.2 662.42 3.3 -0.84 re
f
247.02 662.42 m
247.02 661.58 l
248.82 661.58 l
248.94 662.06 l
248.94 664.1 l
248.1 664.1 l
248.1 662.06 l
248.46 662.06 l
248.46 662.42 l
f
248.1 670.28 0.84 -3.54 re
f
248.1 676.46 0.84 -3.54 re
f
248.1 682.64 0.84 -3.54 re
f
243.24 683.66 3.3 -0.9 re
f
237.42 683.66 3.3 -0.9 re
f
231.6 683.66 3.3 -0.9 re
f
225.78 683.66 3.3 -0.9 re
f
219.96 683.66 3.3 -0.9 re
f
214.14 683.66 3.3 -0.9 re
f
208.32 683.66 3.3 -0.9 re
f
202.5 683.66 3.3 -0.9 re
f
BT
8.0782 0 0 8.0782 203.1 674.5403 Tm
-0.0314 Tc
[(i)-13.5(n)-6.8(fo)-6.8(r)-17.8(m)11.1(at)-21(i)-21(que)]TJ
-0.4159 -1.2032 TD
-0.0319 Tc
[(m)10.6(a)-4(t)-14(h)-7.3()-11.4(m)10.6(at)-21.5(i)-21.5(ques)]TJ
ET
313.62 746.9 0.84 -3.54 re
f
313.62 740.72 0.84 -3.54 re
f
314.22 735.14 3.3 -0.9 re
f
320.04 735.14 3.3 -0.9 re
f
325.86 735.14 3.3 -0.9 re
f
331.68 735.14 3.3 -0.9 re
f
337.5 735.14 3.3 -0.9 re
f
343.32 735.14 3.3 -0.9 re
f
349.14 735.14 3.3 -0.9 re
f
354.96 735.14 m
354.96 734.24 l
357.06 734.24 l
357.18 734.78 l
357.18 736.4 l
356.34 736.4 l
356.34 734.78 l
356.7 734.78 l
356.7 735.14 l
f
356.34 742.58 0.84 -3.54 re
f
356.34 745.22 m
357.18 745.22 l
357.18 747.26 l
354.96 747.26 l
354.96 746.36 l
356.7 746.36 l
356.7 746.9 l
356.34 746.9 l
f
349.14 747.26 3.3 -0.9 re
f
343.32 747.26 3.3 -0.9 re
f
337.5 747.26 3.3 -0.9 re
f
331.68 747.26 3.3 -0.9 re
f
325.86 747.26 3.3 -0.9 re
f
320.04 747.26 3.3 -0.9 re
f
314.22 747.26 3.3 -0.9 re
f
BT
8.0782 0 0 8.0782 326.7 737.7803 Tm
-0.0574 Tc
[(mi)-39.5(x)-32.7(t)-54.4(e)]TJ
7.0683 0 0 7.0683 311.7 641.2403 Tm
-0.0115 Tc
-0.0093 Tw
[(V)31.6()16.4(ri)20.2(fi)11.7(c)16.4(a)7.9(ti)11.7(o)21.6(n)13.1( s)4.2(u)21.6(r )-8.5(c)16.4(o)13.1(r)7.4(p)13.1(u)21.6(s)]TJ
ET
q
0.9698 0 0 -1.0311 0 0 cm
/Cs5 CS 0 0 0 SC
2 J 0 j 0.367 w 10 M []0 d
252.482 -595.057 m
252.482 -592.846 l
191.543 -592.846 l
191.543 -588.482 l
252.482 -588.482 l
252.482 -586.27 l
264.979 -590.693 l
h
385.436 -653.827 m
385.436 -651.616 l
350.171 -651.616 l
350.171 -647.194 l
385.436 -647.194 l
385.436 -645.041 l
397.191 -649.405 l
h
311.999 -631.076 m
314.226 -631.076 l
314.226 -615.656 l
318.619 -615.656 l
318.619 -631.076 l
320.784 -631.076 l
316.392 -636.196 l
h
426.578 -692.756 m
428.805 -692.756 l
428.805 -668.491 l
433.198 -668.491 l
433.198 -692.756 l
435.425 -692.756 l
430.971 -700.844 l
s
Q
BT
8.0782 0 0 8.0782 258.18 585.6803 Tm
-0.0249 Tc
0.0274 Tw
[(Tra)10.4(d)7.2(uc)10.4(t)-14.5(i)-7(on)7.2( )14.8(d)7.2(a)10.4(ns l)-7(e)3( )7.4(la)10.4(ng)-7.7(ag)7.2(e)10.4( ")19.4(p)-0.3(i)-21.9(v)14.6(o)7.2(t)-29.3(")]TJ
ET
129.78 756.92 0.48 -0.48 re
f
129.78 756.92 335.76 -0.48 re
f
465.06 756.92 0.48 -0.48 re
f
129.78 756.44 0.48 -184.44 re
f
465.06 756.44 0.48 -184.44 re
f
129.78 572 0.48 -0.48 re
f
129.78 572 335.76 -0.48 re
f
465.06 572 0.48 -0.48 re
f
BT
12 0 0 12 465.54 571.5203 Tm
0 Tc
0 Tw
( )Tj
10.02 0 0 10.02 168.48 556.3403 Tm
0.0012 Tc
0.0003 Tw
[(Fi)3.6(gure 1 :)3.6( Et)3.6(apes successi)3.6(ves de l)3.6(a)1.9( descri)3.6(pt)3.6(i)3.6(on l)3.6(a)1.9( form)12.6(al)3.6(i)3.6(s)1.1(at)3.6(i)3.6(on )]TJ
/TT4 1 Tf
16.02 0 0 16.02 70.92 527.1803 Tm
0 Tc
0.0009 Tw
[(3 )-599.3(Application de la mthode )]TJ
/TT6 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 70.92 512.6003 Tm
0.0008 Tc
0.1096 Tw
[(En \(3.1\), nous voquons brivem)8.6(e)-0.4(nt deux analyses concernant les "com)8.6(pltives" : \(Abeill, )]TJ
0 -1.15 TD
0.0006 Tc
0.0185 Tw
[(2002\) et \(Blanche-Benveniste, 1989\). En \(3.2\) et)]TJ
19.665 0 TD
0.0009 Tc
0.0141 Tw
[( \(3.3\), nous dcrivons les proprits traduites )]TJ
-19.665 -1.15 TD
0.0007 Tc
-0.0007 Tw
(dans le langage pivot. )Tj
/TT4 1 Tf
13.98 0 0 13.98 70.92 457.1603 Tm
0.0008 Tc
-0.0019 Tw
[(3.1 )-558(Prsentation des analyses )]TJ
/TT6 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 70.92 443.1203 Tm
0.3767 Tw
[(\(Abeill, 2002 : 128\) considre )]TJ
/TT2 1 Tf
14.625 0 TD
0.0007 Tc
0.3743 Tw
[("les compltives comme des phrases de base et les )]TJ
-14.625 -1.15 TD
-0.0006 Tw
("principales" comme des ajouts")Tj
/TT6 1 Tf
13.135 0 TD
0.001 Tc
-0.001 Tw
[(, ce qu')6.2(illustre l')6.2(arbre de drivation suivant)]TJ
7.98 0 0 7.98 432.84 434.8403 Tm
0 Tc
0 Tw
(3)Tj
12 0 0 12 436.86 429.3203 Tm
0.0008 Tc
-0.0008 Tw
( \(p.117\) : )Tj
ET
1 1 1 sc
218.1 426.56 159.12 -46.2 re
f
BT
8.4131 0 0 8.4131 285.54 418.7003 Tm
0 0 0 sc
0.0399 Tc
0 Tw
[(do)5(rt)]TJ
-5.4558 -3.6015 TD
0.0225 Tc
-0.0015 Tw
[(\()-15.3(1)-19.5(\))-15.3( J)-16.2(e)-11.5(a)-25.7(n)-3029.1(il-s)-16.2(e)-25.7(m)-26.9(b)-26.6(le)-25.7(-q)-26.6(u)-19.5(e)-25.7( )-7.1(\()-8.2(0)-26.6(\))]TJ
ET
293.1 416.42 m
292.62 417.02 l
289.44 415.34 l
289.86 414.68 l
f
287.46 413.42 m
286.98 414.08 l
283.92 412.4 l
284.34 411.74 l
f
281.94 410.48 m
281.46 411.14 l
278.28 409.58 l
278.7 408.92 l
f
276.3 407.66 m
275.88 408.32 l
272.64 406.64 l
273.12 405.98 l
f
270.78 404.72 m
270.36 405.32 l
267.12 403.64 l
267.6 403.04 l
f
265.14 401.78 m
264.72 402.38 l
261.48 400.7 l
261.96 400.1 l
f
259.56 398.84 m
259.08 399.44 l
255.84 397.76 l
256.32 397.16 l
f
q
1.0458 0 0 -0.9562 0 0 cm
/Cs5 CS 0 0 0 SC
2 J 0 j 0.329 w 10 M []0 d
280.032 -435.809 m
311.702 -414.663 l
S
Q
BT
12 0 0 12 377.22 380.3603 Tm
0 Tc
0 Tw
( )Tj
10.02 0 0 10.02 166.8 365.1803 Tm
0.0014 Tc
0.0001 Tw
[(Fi)3.8(gure 2 :)3.8( arbre de dri)3.8(vat)3.8(i)3.8(on de l)3.8(')7.9(nonc )]TJ
/TT2 1 Tf
16.7066 0 TD
0.0016 Tc
-0.0001 Tw
[(Il)4( sembl)4(e)2.3( que Jean dort)]TJ
/TT6 1 Tf
9.4072 0 TD
0 Tc
0 Tw
( )Tj
12 0 0 12 70.92 351.8603 Tm
0.001 Tc
0.134 Tw
[(Une alternative cette analyse uniform)8.8(e des )]TJ
18.935 0 TD
0.1299 Tw
[(com)8.9(p)1.1(ltives est celle que propose notam)8.9(m)8.9(e)-0.1(nt )]TJ
-18.935 -1.15 TD
0.0006 Tc
0.0894 Tw
[(\(Blanche-Benveniste, 1989\) qui distingue deux f)]TJ
19.915 0 TD
0.0876 Tw
[(onctionnem)8.5(e)-0.5(nts. En effet, une srie de tests )]TJ
-19.915 -1.15 TD
0.0009 Tc
0.2794 Tw
[(rvle l')6.1(existence d')6.1(au m)8.7(o)0.9(ins deux types de verbes introducteurs de que-P : les verbes )]TJ
T*
0.001 Tc
0.5177 Tw
[("recteurs faibles" \(non constructeurs co)]TJ
17.865 0 TD
0.514 Tw
[(m)8.8(m)8.8(e)-0.2( ceux de \(Abeill, 2002\)\) et "recteurs )]TJ
-17.865 -1.15 TD
0.0009 Tc
0.0641 Tw
[(forts" )65(\(constructeurs\). Plus un autre fonctionnem)8.7(e)-0.3(nt associ aux recteurs faibles : les incises. )]TJ
T*
0.001 Tc
-0.001 Tw
[(Ces trois constructions sont illustres par les exem)8.8(ples suivants : )]TJ
10.98 0 0 10.98 99.3 269.9603 Tm
0.0006 Tc
0.0008 Tw
[(1\) )-1491.8(Recteur fort :)]TJ
/TT2 1 Tf
7.918 0 TD
0.0011 Tc
0.0003 Tw
[( il a prouv quil tait brave. =)3.8(>)3.8( il la prouv, qu'il tait brave. )]TJ
/TT6 1 Tf
-7.918 -1.153 TD
0.0004 Tc
0.001 Tw
[(2\) )-1491.8(Recteur faible :)]TJ
/TT2 1 Tf
8.7486 0 TD
0.0008 Tc
0.0006 Tw
( il parat que tu es parti hier. => *il le parat, que tu es parti. )Tj
/TT6 1 Tf
-8.7486 -1.153 TD
0.0002 Tc
1.493 Tw
[(3\) Incise )1491.8(:)]TJ
/TT2 1 Tf
5.4973 0 TD
0.0008 Tc
0.0006 Tw
( "je reviendrai demain", a-t-il dit.)Tj
/TT6 1 Tf
13.5082 0 TD
-0.0005 Tc
0.0019 Tw
( => *)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
2.1311 0 TD
0.0008 Tc
0.0006 Tw
[("je reviendrai demain", l')-3.9(a-t-il dit)]TJ
/TT6 1 Tf
13.5027 0 TD
0 Tc
0 Tw
(.)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0.2514 0 TD
( )Tj
/TT6 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 70.92 231.0803 Tm
0.0008 Tc
0.0742 Tw
[(Certains verbes peuvent avoir les deux fonctionnem)8.6(e)-0.4(nts \()]TJ
/TT2 1 Tf
23.52 0 TD
0.001 Tc
0 Tw
(croire)Tj
/TT6 1 Tf
2.45 0 TD
0.069 Tw
[(\), dautres ont uniquem)8.8(e)-0.2(nt le )]TJ
-25.97 -1.15 TD
0.0289 Tw
[(statut de recteur fort \()]TJ
/TT2 1 Tf
8.805 0 TD
0.0008 Tc
0 Tw
(souhaiter)Tj
/TT6 1 Tf
3.785 0 TD
0 Tc
(, )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0.53 0 TD
0.0006 Tc
(prouver)Tj
/TT6 1 Tf
3.17 0 TD
0.0011 Tc
0.0289 Tw
[(\) ou f)4.1(a)-0.1(ible \()]TJ
/TT2 1 Tf
4.79 0 TD
0.0009 Tc
0 Tw
(paratre)Tj
/TT6 1 Tf
3.285 0 TD
0.0008 Tc
0.0258 Tw
[(\). Les verbes ne pouvant tre que )]TJ
-24.365 -1.15 TD
0.001 Tc
0.068 Tw
[(recteurs forts rgissent notam)8.8(m)8.8(e)-0.2(nt une que-P)]TJ
18.44 0 TD
0.0009 Tc
0.0641 Tw
[( proportionnelle un pronom)8.7( clitique \(ex. 1\) et )]TJ
-18.44 -1.15 TD
-0.0009 Tw
(ils ne peuvent pas apparatre en incise. )Tj
10.98 0 0 10.98 99.3 176.7803 Tm
0.0015 Tc
0 Tw
(4\) )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
2.5792 0 TD
0.0009 Tc
0.0005 Tw
[(Il a prouv quil tait brave. =)3.6(>)3.6( )]TJ
/TT6 1 Tf
13.2077 0 TD
0 Tc
0 Tw
(?)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0.4481 0 TD
0.0009 Tc
0.0005 Tw
(Il tait brave, il a prouv. )Tj
/TT6 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 70.92 163.2803 Tm
0.1116 Tw
[(Ceci m)8.7(ontre bien que certains verbes peuvent )]TJ
19.275 0 TD
0.0008 Tc
0.1092 Tw
[(construire des que-P et ne sont donc pas des )]TJ
-19.275 -1.15 TD
0.001 Tc
0.0811 Tw
[("ajouts", ce qui oblige nuancer l')6.2(analyse de)]TJ
18.485 0 TD
0.0009 Tc
0.0791 Tw
[( \(Abeill, 2002\) qui pourtant num)8.7(re de telles )]TJ
-18.485 -1.15 TD
0.0011 Tc
0 Tw
(proprits. )Tj
T*
0.0008 Tc
-0.0001 Tw
(Les recteurs faibles, quant eux, sont caractr)Tj
18.505 0 TD
0.001 Tc
-0.001 Tw
(iss par une absence de proportionnalit entre la )Tj
-18.505 -1.15 TD
0.0396 Tw
[(que-P et un clitique. Cela induit le fait que le com)8.8(p)1(lm)8.8(e)-0.2(nt "apparent" du verbe est gram)8.8(m)8.8(a)-0.2(ti-)]TJ
0 -1.9 TD
0 Tc
0 Tw
( )Tj
ET
70.92 88.4 144 -0.6 re
f
BT
12 0 0 12 214.92 85.2803 Tm
( )Tj
6.48 0 0 6.48 70.92 77.8403 Tm
(3)Tj
10.02 0 0 10.02 74.16 73.3403 Tm
0.0012 Tc
0.0003 Tw
[( )-592.8(Pour une prsentation des arbres dri)]TJ
15.9341 0 TD
0.0002 Tc
0.0013 Tw
(vs et de drivati)Tj
6.8084 0 TD
0.0014 Tc
0.0001 Tw
(on, voir \(Abeill, 2002\). )Tj
ET
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BT
/TT2 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 419.94 794.9003 Tm
/Cs5 cs 0 0 0 sc
/GS1 gs
0.0005 Tc
-0.0005 Tw
(Christophe Benzitoun )Tj
/TT6 1 Tf
-29.085 -63.005 TD
0 Tc
0 Tw
( )Tj
0 58.92 TD
0.0011 Tc
0.1039 Tw
[(calem)8.9(ent "inform)8.9(e)-0.1(" : il na donc pas les proprits dun com)8.9(p)1.1(lm)8.9(e)-0.1(nt. Cette proprit se re-)]TJ
0 -1.145 TD
0.0009 Tc
-0.0009 Tw
[(trouve dans les incises qui, de plus, ont leur verbe bloqu dans la m)8.7(odalit assertive : )]TJ
10.98 0 0 10.98 99.3 719.2403 Tm
0.0015 Tc
0 Tw
(5\) )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
2.5792 0 TD
0.0007 Tc
0.0007 Tw
(Il est parti, je pense. )Tj
/TT6 1 Tf
8.4317 0 TD
-0.0011 Tc
0.0025 Tw
(=> *)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
1.8798 0 TD
0.0007 Tc
0.0007 Tw
(il est parti, je ne pense pas. )Tj
/TT6 1 Tf
11.2186 0 TD
-0.0011 Tc
0.0025 Tw
(=> ?)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
1.8251 0 TD
0.0007 Tc
0.0007 Tw
( il est parti, je le pense. )Tj
/TT6 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 70.92 705.6803 Tm
0.0011 Tc
0.0739 Tw
[(Dans ce cas, il est clair que le verbe nest pas )]TJ
19.19 0 TD
0.0007 Tc
0.0709 Tw
[(recteur. Il y a donc bien au m)8.5(o)0.7(ins deux fonc-)]TJ
-19.19 -1.15 TD
0.001 Tc
0.219 Tw
[(tionnem)8.8(e)-0.2(nts distincts pour les verbes introducte)]TJ
20.215 0 TD
0.0009 Tc
0.2159 Tw
[(urs de que-P. Mais si l')6.1(on entre dans les )]TJ
-20.215 -1.15 TD
0.0011 Tc
0.1089 Tw
[(dtails, le problm)8.9(e se rvle encore plus ar)]TJ
18.295 0 TD
0.0005 Tc
0.1078 Tw
[(du. En effet, Blanche-Benveniste pense que les )]TJ
-18.295 -1.15 TD
0.0009 Tc
0.0191 Tw
[("recteurs faibles" ont de nom)8.7(breuses proprits qu')]TJ
20.47 0 TD
0.0013 Tc
0.0178 Tw
[(il serait trs dif)4.3(f)4.3(i)-0.9(cile de hirarchiser. Ainsi, )]TJ
-20.47 -1.15 TD
0.001 Tc
-0.001 Tw
[(une tude descriptive plus prcise serait ncessaire, ce qu')6.2(illustre la partie suivante. )]TJ
/TT4 1 Tf
13.98 0 0 13.98 70.92 622.6403 Tm
0.0008 Tc
-0.0019 Tw
[(3.2 )-558(Drivation des proprits linguistiques )]TJ
/TT6 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 70.92 608.6003 Tm
0.1292 Tw
[(Nous allons m)8.6(a)-0.4(intenant voquer le passage de )]TJ
19.62 0 TD
0.0009 Tc
0.1261 Tw
[(la description linguistique au langage pivot. )]TJ
-19.62 -1.15 TD
0.0012 Tc
0.128 Tw
[(Une proprit im)9(portante est illustre par le subj)]TJ
20.3 0 TD
0.001 Tc
0.124 Tw
[(onctif)4(. En ef)4(f)4(e)-0.2(t, les verbes contraignant le )]TJ
-20.3 -1.15 TD
0.0009 Tc
0.0572 Tw
[(verbe prsent dans la que-P tre au subjonctif )]TJ
19.685 0 TD
0.0011 Tc
0.0539 Tw
[(sont rarem)8.9(e)-0.1(nt recteurs faibles et nont pas la )]TJ
-19.685 -1.15 TD
-0.0011 Tw
(possibilit dtre incise. Do la rgle : )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
15.87 0 TD
0.0008 Tc
-0.0008 Tw
(Subjonctif dans la que-P = indice de rection forte. )Tj
/TT6 1 Tf
-15.87 -1.15 TD
0.001 Tc
0.0656 Tw
[(Des logiciels d')6.2(tiquetage m)8.8(o)1(rpho-syntaxique tel Cordial 8)]TJ
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0 Tc
0 Tw
(4)Tj
12 0 0 12 362.22 553.4003 Tm
0.0012 Tc
0.0638 Tw
[( perm)9(ettent de reprer ce type de )]TJ
-24.275 -1.15 TD
0.0009 Tc
0.0624 Tw
[(proprit li la flexion du verbe, ce qui en )]TJ
18.35 0 TD
0.0012 Tc
0.0588 Tw
[(f)4.2(a)0(it un critre apte un traitem)9(e)0(nt autom)9(a)0(tique. )]TJ
-18.35 -1.15 TD
0.0009 Tc
-0.0009 Tw
[(De m)8.7()-0.3(m)8.7(e)-0.3(, le blocage du pronom)8.7( sujet sur une personne en particulier est un indice opratoire. )]TJ
10.98 0 0 10.98 99.3 512.8403 Tm
0.0015 Tc
0 Tw
(6\) )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
2.5792 0 TD
0.0008 Tc
0.0006 Tw
[(Je crois bien qu')-3.9(il va neiger. => *Tu crois bien qu')-3.9(il va neiger. )]TJ
/TT6 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 70.92 499.3403 Tm
0.0242 Tw
[(En revanche, le blocage des m)8.6(odalits n')6(est pas une)]TJ
20.81 0 TD
0.0012 Tc
0.0195 Tw
[( proprit f)4.2(acile traduire dans le langage )]TJ
-20.81 -1.15 TD
0.0009 Tc
-0.0009 Tw
[(pivot. En ef)3.9(f)3.9(e)-0.3(t, une m)8.7(odalit particulire n')6.1(est pas l')6.1(indice d')6.1(une rection f)3.9(a)-0.3(ible. )]TJ
10.98 0 0 10.98 99.3 472.5803 Tm
0.0015 Tc
0 Tw
(7\) )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
2.5792 0 TD
0.0006 Tc
0.0008 Tw
[(Il n')-4.1(empche pas que la fentre soit ouverte. )]TJ
/TT6 1 Tf
-2.5792 -1.153 TD
0.0015 Tc
0 Tw
(8\) )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
2.5792 0 TD
0.0005 Tc
0.0009 Tw
[(Il n')-4.2(empche que la fentre est ouverte. )]TJ
/TT6 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 70.92 446.4203 Tm
0.0009 Tc
0.0391 Tw
[(Ce qui fait du verbe dans l')6.1(exem)8.7(ple \(8\) un recteur )]TJ
20.48 0 TD
0.0011 Tc
0.0367 Tw
[(faible, c')6.3(est l')6.3(absence de la particule de n-)]TJ
-20.48 -1.15 TD
0.0008 Tc
0 Tw
(gation )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
2.895 0 TD
0 Tc
(pas)Tj
/TT6 1 Tf
1.39 0 TD
0.0009 Tc
0.1391 Tw
[( et l')6.1(absence du subjonctif dans la que-P)]TJ
16.98 0 TD
0.1355 Tw
[(. On rem)8.7(a)-0.3(rquera aussi le sujet bloqu )]TJ
-21.265 -1.15 TD
0.001 Tc
0.0973 Tw
[(l')6.2(im)8.8(personnel. En revanche, l')6.2(absence de la m)]TJ
18.78 0 TD
0.0939 Tw
[(odalit ngative est l')6.3(indice d')6.3(une rection forte )]TJ
-18.78 -1.15 TD
0.0008 Tc
0.0342 Tw
[(dans le cas du verbe )]TJ
/TT2 1 Tf
8.49 0 TD
0.0005 Tc
0 Tw
(empcher)Tj
/TT6 1 Tf
3.89 0 TD
0.0009 Tc
0.0331 Tw
[(. Pour traduire le blocage des )]TJ
12.135 0 TD
0.001 Tc
0.029 Tw
[(m)8.8(odalits, il faut donc constituer )]TJ
-24.515 -1.15 TD
0.0009 Tc
-0.0012 Tw
[(des entres rpertoriant un certain nom)8.7(bre de proprits des verbes. Par exem)8.7(ple, deux entres )]TJ
T*
0.001 Tc
-0.001 Tw
[(sim)8.8(p)1(lifies se prsenteraient sous la form)8.8(e : )]TJ
/TT2 1 Tf
3 -1.15 TD
0.0005 Tc
0 Tw
(empcher)Tj
/TT6 1 Tf
3.89 0 TD
0.0001 Tc
-0.0001 Tw
[( Vnc )-695(m)7.9(od. ng !)]TJ
/TT2 1 Tf
7.16 0 TD
0.0004 Tc
2.0096 Tw
[(pas empcher )]TJ
/TT6 1 Tf
7.79 0 TD
0.0005 Tc
-0.0005 Tw
[(Vc )-345(si m)8.3(od. ng. alors )]TJ
/TT2 1 Tf
9.095 0 TD
0.0003 Tc
0 Tw
(pas )Tj
/TT6 1 Tf
-21.185 -1.15 TD
0.0005 Tc
-0.0005 Tw
[(m)8.3(ode = ind. )60( )-2700( )-2700( )-2700(m)8.3(ode = subj. )]TJ
T*
0.0013 Tc
-0.0013 Tw
(sujet = )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
2.96 0 TD
0.0022 Tc
0 Tw
(il)Tj
/TT6 1 Tf
0.56 0 TD
0.0011 Tc
-0.0011 Tw
[( im)8.9(pers. )-960( )-2700( )-2700(sujet = !)]TJ
/TT2 1 Tf
13.625 0 TD
0.0022 Tc
0 Tw
(il )Tj
/TT6 1 Tf
0.81 0 TD
0.0011 Tc
[(im)8.9(pers. )]TJ
-27.705 -1.15 TD
0.109 Tw
[(On peut donc traduire cette proprit dans le)]TJ
18.605 0 TD
0.0008 Tc
0.1083 Tw
[( langage pivot m)8.6(oyennant la constitution d')6(en-)]TJ
-18.605 -1.15 TD
0.001 Tc
0.044 Tw
[(tres. De plus, certaines proprits tant inhibes)]TJ
19.865 0 TD
0.0417 Tw
[( cause de l')6.3(interaction avec la construction )]TJ
-19.865 -1.15 TD
0.0008 Tc
0.0142 Tw
[( objet de type SN, ces entres nous perm)8.6(ettront)]TJ
19.445 0 TD
0.001 Tc
0.0102 Tw
[( de donner des restrictions sur la bonne appli-)]TJ
-19.445 -1.15 TD
0.1693 Tw
[(cation des proprits. Du reste, cest la solution envisage par la plupart des form)8.8(alism)8.8(e)-0.2(s )]TJ
T*
0.0985 Tw
[(contem)8.9(porains avec le recours aux structures de traits et la lexicalisation des gram)8.9(m)8.9(a)0(ires. )]TJ
0 -1.145 TD
0.0007 Tc
-0.0007 Tw
(Une drivation est donc facile proposer. )Tj
/TT4 1 Tf
13.98 0 0 13.98 70.92 225.4403 Tm
0.0011 Tc
-0.0022 Tw
[(3.3 )-558(Modlisation dans le langage pivot )]TJ
/TT6 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 70.92 211.3403 Tm
0.0008 Tc
0.1642 Tw
[(Une correspondance bi-univoque entre une descrip)]TJ
21.21 0 TD
0.0009 Tc
0.1633 Tw
[(tion et un cadre form)8.7(el tant difficile )]TJ
-21.21 -1.15 TD
0.0011 Tc
0.2596 Tw
[(obtenir, il sem)8.9(b)1.1(le ncessaire de passer par une sorte de dictionnaire de traduction : ce )]TJ
T*
0.0277 Tw
[(dictionnaire est ce que nous avons appel le "la)]TJ
19.17 0 TD
0.0239 Tw
[(ngage pivot". Il doit tendre vers une neutralit )]TJ
-19.17 -1.15 TD
0.0012 Tc
0.0738 Tw
[(term)9(inologique et tre apte m)9(odliser le plus)]TJ
19.075 0 TD
0.0009 Tc
0.0707 Tw
[( de proprits linguistiques possibles. Dans le )]TJ
-19.075 -1.15 TD
0.0015 Tc
0.0035 Tw
[(cas qui nous occupe ici, une partie du langage pivot est de la form)9.3(e)]TJ
7.98 0 0 7.98 394.02 161.6603 Tm
0 Tc
0 Tw
(5)Tj
12 0 0 12 398.04 156.1404 Tm
0.001 Tc
0.0015 Tw
( : soit des noncs du type )Tj
-27.26 -1.15 TD
-0.002 Tc
0 Tw
(CV)Tj
7.98 0 0 7.98 87.54 140.8403 Tm
0 Tc
(1)Tj
12 0 0 12 91.56 142.3403 Tm
0.0005 Tc
(-que-CV)Tj
7.98 0 0 7.98 133.56 140.8403 Tm
0 Tc
(2)Tj
12 0 0 12 137.58 142.3403 Tm
0.0003 Tc
-0.0003 Tw
( \(que-P\) ou CV)Tj
7.98 0 0 7.98 211.26 140.8403 Tm
0 Tc
0 Tw
(2)Tj
12 0 0 12 215.28 142.3403 Tm
(-CV)Tj
7.98 0 0 7.98 235.92 140.8403 Tm
0.0038 Tc
(1 )Tj
12 0 0 12 241.92 142.3403 Tm
0.0012 Tc
(\(incise\). )Tj
-14.25 -2.84 TD
0 Tc
( )Tj
ET
70.92 111.38 144 -0.6 re
f
BT
12 0 0 12 214.92 108.2603 Tm
( )Tj
6.48 0 0 6.48 70.92 100.8203 Tm
(4)Tj
10.02 0 0 10.02 74.16 96.3203 Tm
0.0011 Tc
0.0004 Tw
[( )-592.8(Logi)3.5(ci)3.5(el)3.5( dvel)3.5(opper par l)3.5(a)1.8( soci)3.5(t)3.5( Sy)4.1(napse Dvel)3.5(oppem)12.5(e)1.8(nt)3.5(. )]TJ
6.48 0 0 6.48 70.92 89.3003 Tm
0 Tc
0 Tw
(5)Tj
10.02 0 0 10.02 74.16 84.8003 Tm
0.0003 Tc
0.0611 Tw
[( )59.9( )-532.9(Com)11.7(m)11.7(e)1( nous l')6.8(avons signal prcdem)11.7(m)11.7(e)1(nt, il serait n)]TJ
23.2754 0 TD
0.0006 Tc
0.0608 Tw
[(cessaire de faire des entres pour )6(chacun )6(des )6(verbes )]TJ
-22.1796 -1.1437 TD
0.0009 Tw
[(concerns. Ne disposant pas de l')7.1(espace n)]TJ
16.6168 0 TD
0.0009 Tc
0.0006 Tw
(cessaire, nous ne pouvons les reproduire ici. )Tj
ET
/Cs5 CS 0 0 0 SC
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178.92 374.3 m
178.92 329.78 l
349.92 378.32 m
349.92 333.74 l
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BT
/TT2 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 70.92 794.9003 Tm
/Cs5 cs 0 0 0 sc
/GS1 gs
0.0007 Tc
-0.0007 Tw
(Un "langage pivot" pour articuler description et formalisation )Tj
/TT6 1 Tf
0 -63.005 TD
0 Tc
0 Tw
( )Tj
0 58.92 TD
( )Tj
10.02 0 0 10.02 157.68 733.5203 Tm
0.0019 Tc
9.8319 Tw
[(const)4.3(r)-0.4(uct)4.3(i)4.3(on propri)4.3()2.6(t)4.3()2.6(s )]TJ
ET
153.96 743.18 0.48 -0.48 re
f
153.96 743.18 287.46 -0.48 re
f
440.94 743.18 0.48 -0.48 re
f
153.96 742.7 0.48 -11.52 re
f
215.4 742.7 0.48 -11.52 re
f
440.94 742.7 0.48 -11.52 re
f
BT
10.02 0 0 10.02 157.68 721.5203 Tm
0.0013 Tc
4.7128 Tw
[(Vc V )4712.6(!> )]TJ
/TT2 1 Tf
8.2575 0 TD
0 Tw
[(bi)3.6(en)]TJ
/TT6 1 Tf
1.7245 0 TD
0.0003 Tw
[( )-10407.2(m)12.6(ode\(V2\) = sl)3.6(.)-0.3( )]TJ
ET
153.96 731.18 207.18 -0.48 re
f
1 i
361.14 731.18 79.8 -0.48 re
f
440.94 731.18 0.48 -0.48 re
f
153.96 730.7 0.48 -11.52 re
f
215.4 730.7 0.48 -11.52 re
f
440.94 730.7 0.48 -11.52 re
f
BT
10.02 0 0 10.02 157.68 710.0003 Tm
[( )-5880.2(m)12.6(ode\(V2\) = subj. )-7149.7(aspect)3.6(\(V2\) = sl)3.6(.)-0.3( )]TJ
ET
153.96 719.18 0.48 -11.52 re
f
215.4 719.18 0.48 -11.52 re
f
440.94 719.18 0.48 -11.52 re
f
BT
10.02 0 0 10.02 157.68 698.4803 Tm
0.0011 Tc
[( )-5880.2(O\(V1\) = que-P )-8227.5(tps\(V2\) = sl. )]TJ
ET
153.96 707.66 0.48 -11.52 re
f
215.4 707.66 0.48 -11.52 re
f
440.94 707.66 0.48 -11.52 re
f
BT
10.02 0 0 10.02 157.68 686.9603 Tm
0.0013 Tc
0.0002 Tw
[( )-5880.2(V1 > que-P )-9622.8( )]TJ
ET
153.96 696.14 0.48 -11.46 re
f
215.4 696.14 0.48 -11.46 re
f
440.94 696.14 0.48 -11.46 re
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BT
10.02 0 0 10.02 157.68 675.0203 Tm
0.0015 Tc
0 Tw
[(Vnc )-4209.6(V1 > que-P )-9622.8(suj\(V1\) = bl)3.9(oc. )]TJ
ET
153.96 684.68 207.18 -0.48 re
f
361.14 684.68 79.8 -0.48 re
f
440.94 684.68 0.48 -0.48 re
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153.96 684.2 0.48 -11.52 re
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215.4 684.2 0.48 -11.52 re
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440.94 684.2 0.48 -11.52 re
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BT
10.02 0 0 10.02 219.12 663.5003 Tm
0.0017 Tc
-0.0002 Tw
[(m)13.1(ode\(V2\) != subj. )-6814.4(t)4.1(p)-1.3(s\(V1\) = bl)4.1(oc. )]TJ
ET
153.96 672.68 0.48 -13.92 re
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215.4 672.68 0.48 -13.92 re
f
440.94 672.68 0.48 -13.92 re
f
BT
10.02 0 0 10.02 157.68 663.5003 Tm
0 Tc
0 Tw
( )Tj
6.1317 -1.3892 TD
0.0016 Tc
-0.0001 Tw
[(m)13(ode\(V2\) = i)4(ndi)4(c. )-6826.3(O\(V1\) = que-P )]TJ
ET
153.96 658.76 0.48 -13.86 re
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215.4 658.76 0.48 -13.86 re
f
440.94 658.76 0.48 -13.86 re
f
BT
10.02 0 0 10.02 157.68 635.7203 Tm
0.0014 Tc
0.0001 Tw
[( )-5880.2(m)12.8(od.\(V1\) = const)3.8(.)-0.1( )-6904.2(V > )]TJ
/TT2 1 Tf
22.4311 0 TD
0.0012 Tc
0 Tw
[(bi)3.6(en)]TJ
/TT6 1 Tf
1.7245 0 TD
0 Tc
( )Tj
ET
153.96 644.9 0.48 -11.52 re
f
215.4 644.9 0.48 -11.52 re
f
440.94 644.9 0.48 -11.52 re
f
BT
10.02 0 0 10.02 157.68 623.7203 Tm
0.0018 Tc
-0.0003 Tw
[(Vi)4.2( )-4880.2(C)4.1(V)-0.6(2 > C)4.1(V)-0.6(1 |)4.4( C)4.1(V)-0.6(2 > C)4.1(V)-0.6(1 > C)4.1(V)-0.6(2 )-898.2(!O\(V1\) )]TJ
ET
153.96 633.38 207.18 -0.48 re
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361.14 633.38 79.8 -0.48 re
f
440.94 633.38 0.48 -0.48 re
f
153.96 632.9 0.48 -11.52 re
f
215.4 632.9 0.48 -11.52 re
f
440.94 632.9 0.48 -11.52 re
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BT
10.02 0 0 10.02 157.68 612.2003 Tm
0.0013 Tc
0.0002 Tw
[( )-5880.2(suj. > V1 | V > suj. )-6622.8(tps\(V1\) != subj. )]TJ
ET
153.96 621.38 0.48 -11.46 re
f
215.4 621.38 0.48 -11.46 re
f
440.94 621.38 0.48 -11.46 re
f
BT
10.02 0 0 10.02 157.68 600.7403 Tm
0.001 Tc
0.0005 Tw
[( )-5880.2(m)12.4(od\(V1\) = assert. )-6994( )]TJ
ET
153.96 609.92 0.48 -12 re
f
153.96 598.4 61.44 -0.48 re
f
215.4 609.92 0.48 -12 re
f
215.88 598.4 145.26 -0.48 re
f
361.14 598.4 79.8 -0.48 re
f
440.94 609.92 0.48 -12 re
f
440.94 598.4 0.48 -0.48 re
f
BT
10.02 0 0 10.02 156.6 582.7404 Tm
0.0017 Tc
-0.0002 Tw
[(Fi)4.1(gure 3 :)4.1( t)4.1(r)-0.6(aduct)4.1(i)4.1(on des propri)4.1()2.4(t)4.1()2.4(s l)4.1(i)4.1(ngui)4.1(st)4.1(i)4.1(ques dans l)4.1(e)2.4( l)4.1(a)2.4(ngage pi)4.1(vot)4.1( )]TJ
12 0 0 12 70.92 569.3604 Tm
0.0008 Tc
-0.0008 Tw
[(On peut donc traiter des exem)8.6(ples du type : )]TJ
10.98 0 0 10.98 99.3 556.4603 Tm
0.0015 Tc
0 Tw
(9\) )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
2.5792 0 TD
0.0007 Tc
0.0007 Tw
(Je ne regrette pas quil soit parti )Tj
/TT6 1 Tf
13.4426 0 TD
0.0008 Tw
[(avec m)7.9(ode\(V2\) = subj. ; O\(V1\) = que-P ; )]TJ
-13.4426 -1.153 TD
0.0016 Tc
-0.0002 Tw
[(m)8.9(od.\(V1\) = ng. do )]TJ
/TT2 1 Tf
9.0328 0 TD
0.0001 Tc
0 Tw
(regrette)Tj
/TT6 1 Tf
3.1639 0 TD
0 Tc
0.0014 Tw
( = Vc. )Tj
/TT4 1 Tf
16.02 0 0 16.02 70.92 514.4603 Tm
0.0003 Tc
0.0006 Tw
[(4 )-599.3(Conclusion et perspectives )]TJ
/TT6 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 70.92 499.8803 Tm
0.0005 Tc
0.1995 Tw
[(En confrontant deux analyses, nous avons pu m)8.3(e)]TJ
20.905 0 TD
0.0011 Tc
0.1949 Tw
[(ttre en vidence l')6.3(intrt d')6.3(une approche )]TJ
-20.905 -1.15 TD
0.024 Tw
[(descriptive indpendante prcdant l')6.2(approche form)8.8(elle. On pourrait appliquer les distinctions )]TJ
T*
0.0007 Tc
-0.0007 Tw
[(opres dans un form)8.5(alism)8.5(e)-0.5( \(en TAG, par exem)8.5(ple\) : )]TJ
ET
1 1 1 sc
134.04 469.52 327.24 -113.94 re
f
BT
9.5065 0 0 9.5065 158.52 428.7203 Tm
0 0 0 sc
-0.0279 Tc
0 Tw
[(N0)-11399.8(P)-8.2(1)-7.6()]TJ
6.5576 0 TD
0 Tc
(V)Tj
-1.0666 3.3009 TD
(P)Tj
8.956 -5.6993 TD
-0.0197 Tc
(P1)Tj
-3.5534 0 TD
0 Tc
(C)Tj
ET
q
0.9783 0 0 -1.0222 0 0 cm
/Cs5 CS 0 0 0 SC
2 J 0 j 0.349 w 10 M []0 d
217.97 -447.886 m
167.74 -428.339 l
217.97 -447.886 m
229.132 -428.339 l
217.97 -447.886 m
290.524 -428.339 l
290.524 -417.187 m
271.021 -406.034 l
290.524 -417.187 m
307.329 -406.034 l
S
Q
BT
9.5065 0 0 9.5065 409.08 428.7203 Tm
-0.02 Tc
(P1)Tj
-6.1663 0 TD
-0.0279 Tc
(V)Tj
3.6859 3.3009 TD
0 Tc
(P)Tj
4.6453 -5.6993 TD
-0.0134 Tc
(P1)Tj
-3.5534 0 TD
0 Tc
(C)Tj
ET
q
0.9783 0 0 -1.0222 0 0 cm
/Cs5 CS 0 0 0 SC
2 J 0 j 0.349 w 10 M []0 d
396.627 -447.886 m
363.14 -428.339 l
396.627 -447.886 m
424.532 -428.339 l
424.532 -417.187 m
407.789 -406.034 l
424.532 -417.187 m
444.097 -406.034 l
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Q
BT
9.5065 0 0 9.5065 197.1 405.9203 Tm
-0.0147 Tc
0.0045 Tw
[(n)5.6()-3.6(em)31(p)5.6(ch)5.6(e p)18.2(a)0(s)]TJ
6.463 -2.1017 TD
-0.0203 Tc
0 Tw
(que)Tj
1.5653 -2.7013 TD
-0.0371 Tc
[(Ma)-22.4(r)-26(i)-24.4(e)]TJ
-14.062 2.7013 TD
-0.0147 Tc
[(cet)-1668.2(v)18.2(n)5.6(em)31(en)5.6(t)]TJ
17.9751 -2.7013 TD
-0.0203 Tc
[(pa)-11.9(r)-9.2(t)-7.6(e)]TJ
8.5963 2.7013 TD
(que)Tj
1.2812 -2.7013 TD
-0.0371 Tc
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