Balancing Objectives in Counseling Conversations: Advancing Forwards or Looking Backwards

Justine Zhang, Cristian Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil


Abstract
Throughout a conversation, participants make choices that can orient the flow of the interaction. Such choices are particularly salient in the consequential domain of crisis counseling, where a difficulty for counselors is balancing between two key objectives: advancing the conversation towards a resolution, and empathetically addressing the crisis situation. In this work, we develop an unsupervised methodology to quantify how counselors manage this balance. Our main intuition is that if an utterance can only receive a narrow range of appropriate replies, then its likely aim is to advance the conversation forwards, towards a target within that range. Likewise, an utterance that can only appropriately follow a narrow range of possible utterances is likely aimed backwards at addressing a specific situation within that range. By applying this intuition, we can map each utterance to a continuous orientation axis that captures the degree to which it is intended to direct the flow of the conversation forwards or backwards. This unsupervised method allows us to characterize counselor behaviors in a large dataset of crisis counseling conversations, where we show that known counseling strategies intuitively align with this axis. We also illustrate how our measure can be indicative of a conversation’s progress, as well as its effectiveness.
Anthology ID:
2020.acl-main.470
Volume:
Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics
Month:
July
Year:
2020
Address:
Online
Editors:
Dan Jurafsky, Joyce Chai, Natalie Schluter, Joel Tetreault
Venue:
ACL
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
5276–5289
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2020.acl-main.470
DOI:
10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.470
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Justine Zhang and Cristian Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil. 2020. Balancing Objectives in Counseling Conversations: Advancing Forwards or Looking Backwards. In Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pages 5276–5289, Online. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
Balancing Objectives in Counseling Conversations: Advancing Forwards or Looking Backwards (Zhang & Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil, ACL 2020)
Copy Citation:
PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/2020.acl-main.470.pdf
Video:
 http://slideslive.com/38928806