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        <title>Speech Disfluencies occur at Higher Perplexities</title>
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            <title>Proceedings of the Workshop on the Cognitive Aspects of the Lexicon</title>
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            <namePart type="given">Michael</namePart>
            <namePart type="family">Zock</namePart>
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            <namePart type="given">Emmanuele</namePart>
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        <name type="personal">
            <namePart type="given">Enrico</namePart>
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    <abstract>Speech disfluencies have been hypothesized to occur before words that are less predictable and therefore more cognitively demanding. In this paper, we revisit this hypothesis by using OpenAI’s GPT-2 to calculate predictability of words as language model perplexity. Using the Switchboard corpus, we find that 51% of disfluencies occur at the highest, second highest, or within one token of the highest perplexity, and this distribution is not random. We also show that disfluencies precede words with significantly higher perplexity than fluent contexts. Based on our results, we offer new evidence that disfluencies are more likely to occur before less predictable words.</abstract>
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%0 Conference Proceedings
%T Speech Disfluencies occur at Higher Perplexities
%A Sen, Priyanka
%Y Zock, Michael
%Y Chersoni, Emmanuele
%Y Lenci, Alessandro
%Y Santus, Enrico
%S Proceedings of the Workshop on the Cognitive Aspects of the Lexicon
%D 2020
%8 December
%I Association for Computational Linguistics
%C Online
%F sen-2020-speech
%X Speech disfluencies have been hypothesized to occur before words that are less predictable and therefore more cognitively demanding. In this paper, we revisit this hypothesis by using OpenAI’s GPT-2 to calculate predictability of words as language model perplexity. Using the Switchboard corpus, we find that 51% of disfluencies occur at the highest, second highest, or within one token of the highest perplexity, and this distribution is not random. We also show that disfluencies precede words with significantly higher perplexity than fluent contexts. Based on our results, we offer new evidence that disfluencies are more likely to occur before less predictable words.
%U https://aclanthology.org/2020.cogalex-1.11
%P 92-97

Markdown (Informal)

[Speech Disfluencies occur at Higher Perplexities](https://aclanthology.org/2020.cogalex-1.11) (Sen, CogALex 2020)

• Speech Disfluencies occur at Higher Perplexities (Sen, CogALex 2020)

ACL

• Priyanka Sen. 2020. Speech Disfluencies occur at Higher Perplexities. In Proceedings of the Workshop on the Cognitive Aspects of the Lexicon, pages 92–97, Online. Association for Computational Linguistics.