@inproceedings{rodriguez-luna-etal-2020-internal,
title = "Internal and external pressures on language emergence: least effort, object constancy and frequency",
author = "Rodr{\'\i}guez Luna, Diana and
Ponti, Edoardo Maria and
Hupkes, Dieuwke and
Bruni, Elia",
editor = "Cohn, Trevor and
He, Yulan and
Liu, Yang",
booktitle = "Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2020",
month = nov,
year = "2020",
address = "Online",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://aclanthology.org/2020.findings-emnlp.397",
doi = "10.18653/v1/2020.findings-emnlp.397",
pages = "4428--4437",
abstract = "In previous work, artificial agents were shown to achieve almost perfect accuracy in referential games where they have to communicate to identify images. Nevertheless, the resulting communication protocols rarely display salient features of natural languages, such as compositionality. In this paper, we propose some realistic sources of pressure on communication that avert this outcome. More specifically, we formalise the principle of least effort through an auxiliary objective. Moreover, we explore several game variants, inspired by the principle of object constancy, in which we alter the frequency, position, and luminosity of the objects in the images. We perform an extensive analysis on their effect through compositionality metrics, diagnostic classifiers, and zero-shot evaluation. Our findings reveal that the proposed sources of pressure result in emerging languages with less redundancy, more focus on high-level conceptual information, and better abilities of generalisation. Overall, our contributions reduce the gap between emergent and natural languages.",
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<modsCollection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods ID="rodriguez-luna-etal-2020-internal">
<titleInfo>
<title>Internal and external pressures on language emergence: least effort, object constancy and frequency</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal">
<namePart type="given">Diana</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Rodríguez Luna</namePart>
<role>
<roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal">
<namePart type="given">Edoardo</namePart>
<namePart type="given">Maria</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Ponti</namePart>
<role>
<roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal">
<namePart type="given">Dieuwke</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Hupkes</namePart>
<role>
<roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal">
<namePart type="given">Elia</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Bruni</namePart>
<role>
<roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<originInfo>
<dateIssued>2020-11</dateIssued>
</originInfo>
<typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource>
<relatedItem type="host">
<titleInfo>
<title>Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2020</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal">
<namePart type="given">Trevor</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Cohn</namePart>
<role>
<roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">editor</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal">
<namePart type="given">Yulan</namePart>
<namePart type="family">He</namePart>
<role>
<roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">editor</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal">
<namePart type="given">Yang</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Liu</namePart>
<role>
<roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">editor</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<originInfo>
<publisher>Association for Computational Linguistics</publisher>
<place>
<placeTerm type="text">Online</placeTerm>
</place>
</originInfo>
<genre authority="marcgt">conference publication</genre>
</relatedItem>
<abstract>In previous work, artificial agents were shown to achieve almost perfect accuracy in referential games where they have to communicate to identify images. Nevertheless, the resulting communication protocols rarely display salient features of natural languages, such as compositionality. In this paper, we propose some realistic sources of pressure on communication that avert this outcome. More specifically, we formalise the principle of least effort through an auxiliary objective. Moreover, we explore several game variants, inspired by the principle of object constancy, in which we alter the frequency, position, and luminosity of the objects in the images. We perform an extensive analysis on their effect through compositionality metrics, diagnostic classifiers, and zero-shot evaluation. Our findings reveal that the proposed sources of pressure result in emerging languages with less redundancy, more focus on high-level conceptual information, and better abilities of generalisation. Overall, our contributions reduce the gap between emergent and natural languages.</abstract>
<identifier type="citekey">rodriguez-luna-etal-2020-internal</identifier>
<identifier type="doi">10.18653/v1/2020.findings-emnlp.397</identifier>
<location>
<url>https://aclanthology.org/2020.findings-emnlp.397</url>
</location>
<part>
<date>2020-11</date>
<extent unit="page">
<start>4428</start>
<end>4437</end>
</extent>
</part>
</mods>
</modsCollection>
%0 Conference Proceedings
%T Internal and external pressures on language emergence: least effort, object constancy and frequency
%A Rodríguez Luna, Diana
%A Ponti, Edoardo Maria
%A Hupkes, Dieuwke
%A Bruni, Elia
%Y Cohn, Trevor
%Y He, Yulan
%Y Liu, Yang
%S Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2020
%D 2020
%8 November
%I Association for Computational Linguistics
%C Online
%F rodriguez-luna-etal-2020-internal
%X In previous work, artificial agents were shown to achieve almost perfect accuracy in referential games where they have to communicate to identify images. Nevertheless, the resulting communication protocols rarely display salient features of natural languages, such as compositionality. In this paper, we propose some realistic sources of pressure on communication that avert this outcome. More specifically, we formalise the principle of least effort through an auxiliary objective. Moreover, we explore several game variants, inspired by the principle of object constancy, in which we alter the frequency, position, and luminosity of the objects in the images. We perform an extensive analysis on their effect through compositionality metrics, diagnostic classifiers, and zero-shot evaluation. Our findings reveal that the proposed sources of pressure result in emerging languages with less redundancy, more focus on high-level conceptual information, and better abilities of generalisation. Overall, our contributions reduce the gap between emergent and natural languages.
%R 10.18653/v1/2020.findings-emnlp.397
%U https://aclanthology.org/2020.findings-emnlp.397
%U https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.findings-emnlp.397
%P 4428-4437
Markdown (Informal)
[Internal and external pressures on language emergence: least effort, object constancy and frequency](https://aclanthology.org/2020.findings-emnlp.397) (Rodríguez Luna et al., Findings 2020)
ACL