@inproceedings{wottawa-etal-2020-towards,
    title = "Towards Interactive Annotation for Hesitation in Conversational Speech",
    author = "Wottawa, Jane  and
      Tahon, Marie  and
      Marin, Apolline  and
      Audibert, Nicolas",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Twelfth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference",
    month = may,
    year = "2020",
    address = "Marseille, France",
    publisher = "European Language Resources Association",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2020.lrec-1.190",
    pages = "1526--1532",
    abstract = "Manual annotation of speech corpora is expensive in both human resources and time. Furthermore, recognizing affects in spontaneous, non acted speech presents a challenge for humans and machines. The aim of the present study is to automatize the labeling of hesitant speech as a marker of expressed uncertainty. That is why, the NCCFr-corpus was manually annotated for {`}degree of hesitation{'} on a continuous scale between -3 and 3 and the affective dimensions {`}activation, valence and control{'}. In total, 5834 chunks of the NCCFr-corpus were manually annotated. Acoustic analyses were carried out based on these annotations. Furthermore, regression models were trained in order to allow automatic prediction of hesitation for speech chunks that do not have a manual annotation. Preliminary results show that the number of filled pauses as well as vowel duration increase with the degree of hesitation, and that automatic prediction of the hesitation degree reaches encouraging RMSE results of 1.6.",
    language = "English",
    ISBN = "979-10-95546-34-4",
}