WARP: Word-level Adversarial ReProgramming

Karen Hambardzumyan, Hrant Khachatrian, Jonathan May


Abstract
Transfer learning from pretrained language models recently became the dominant approach for solving many NLP tasks. A common approach to transfer learning for multiple tasks that maximize parameter sharing trains one or more task-specific layers on top of the language model. In this paper, we present an alternative approach based on adversarial reprogramming, which extends earlier work on automatic prompt generation. Adversarial reprogramming attempts to learn task-specific word embeddings that, when concatenated to the input text, instruct the language model to solve the specified task. Using up to 25K trainable parameters per task, this approach outperforms all existing methods with up to 25M trainable parameters on the public leaderboard of the GLUE benchmark. Our method, initialized with task-specific human-readable prompts, also works in a few-shot setting, outperforming GPT-3 on two SuperGLUE tasks with just 32 training samples.
Anthology ID:
2021.acl-long.381
Volume:
Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)
Month:
August
Year:
2021
Address:
Online
Editors:
Chengqing Zong, Fei Xia, Wenjie Li, Roberto Navigli
Venues:
ACL | IJCNLP
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
4921–4933
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2021.acl-long.381
DOI:
10.18653/v1/2021.acl-long.381
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Karen Hambardzumyan, Hrant Khachatrian, and Jonathan May. 2021. WARP: Word-level Adversarial ReProgramming. In Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers), pages 4921–4933, Online. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
WARP: Word-level Adversarial ReProgramming (Hambardzumyan et al., ACL-IJCNLP 2021)
Copy Citation:
PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/2021.acl-long.381.pdf
Video:
 https://aclanthology.org/2021.acl-long.381.mp4
Code
 YerevaNN/warp
Data
CoLAFewGlueGLUEMRPCMultiNLIQNLIQuora Question PairsRTESSTSST-2SuperGLUE