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    <abstract>Simile interpretation is a crucial task in natural language processing. Nowadays, pre-trained language models (PLMs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance on many tasks. However, it remains under-explored whether PLMs can interpret similes or not. In this paper, we investigate the ability of PLMs in simile interpretation by designing a novel task named Simile Property Probing, i.e., to let the PLMs infer the shared properties of similes. We construct our simile property probing datasets from both general textual corpora and human-designed questions, containing 1,633 examples covering seven main categories. Our empirical study based on the constructed datasets shows that PLMs can infer similes’ shared properties while still underperforming humans. To bridge the gap with human performance, we additionally design a knowledge-enhanced training objective by incorporating the simile knowledge into PLMs via knowledge embedding methods. Our method results in a gain of 8.58% in the probing task and 1.37% in the downstream task of sentiment classification. The datasets and code are publicly available at https://github.com/Abbey4799/PLMs-Interpret-Simile.</abstract>
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%0 Conference Proceedings
%T Can Pre-trained Language Models Interpret Similes as Smart as Human?
%A He, Qianyu
%A Cheng, Sijie
%A Li, Zhixu
%A Xie, Rui
%A Xiao, Yanghua
%Y Muresan, Smaranda
%Y Nakov, Preslav
%Y Villavicencio, Aline
%S Proceedings of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)
%D 2022
%8 May
%I Association for Computational Linguistics
%C Dublin, Ireland
%F he-etal-2022-pre
%X Simile interpretation is a crucial task in natural language processing. Nowadays, pre-trained language models (PLMs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance on many tasks. However, it remains under-explored whether PLMs can interpret similes or not. In this paper, we investigate the ability of PLMs in simile interpretation by designing a novel task named Simile Property Probing, i.e., to let the PLMs infer the shared properties of similes. We construct our simile property probing datasets from both general textual corpora and human-designed questions, containing 1,633 examples covering seven main categories. Our empirical study based on the constructed datasets shows that PLMs can infer similes’ shared properties while still underperforming humans. To bridge the gap with human performance, we additionally design a knowledge-enhanced training objective by incorporating the simile knowledge into PLMs via knowledge embedding methods. Our method results in a gain of 8.58% in the probing task and 1.37% in the downstream task of sentiment classification. The datasets and code are publicly available at https://github.com/Abbey4799/PLMs-Interpret-Simile.
%R 10.18653/v1/2022.acl-long.543
%U https://aclanthology.org/2022.acl-long.543
%U https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.acl-long.543
%P 7875-7887

Markdown (Informal)

[Can Pre-trained Language Models Interpret Similes as Smart as Human?](https://aclanthology.org/2022.acl-long.543) (He et al., ACL 2022)

• Can Pre-trained Language Models Interpret Similes as Smart as Human? (He et al., ACL 2022)

ACL

• Qianyu He, Sijie Cheng, Zhixu Li, Rui Xie, and Yanghua Xiao. 2022. Can Pre-trained Language Models Interpret Similes as Smart as Human?. In Proceedings of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), pages 7875–7887, Dublin, Ireland. Association for Computational Linguistics.