BitFit: Simple Parameter-efficient Fine-tuning for Transformer-based Masked Language-models

Elad Ben Zaken, Yoav Goldberg, Shauli Ravfogel


Abstract
We introduce BitFit, a sparse-finetuning method where only the bias-terms of the model (or a subset of them) are being modified. We show that with small-to-medium training data, applying BitFit on pre-trained BERT models is competitive with (and sometimes better than) fine-tuning the entire model. For larger data, the method is competitive with other sparse fine-tuning methods. Besides their practical utility, these findings are relevant for the question of understanding the commonly-used process of finetuning: they support the hypothesis that finetuning is mainly about exposing knowledge induced by language-modeling training, rather than learning new task-specific linguistic knowledge.
Anthology ID:
2022.acl-short.1
Volume:
Proceedings of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)
Month:
May
Year:
2022
Address:
Dublin, Ireland
Editors:
Smaranda Muresan, Preslav Nakov, Aline Villavicencio
Venue:
ACL
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
1–9
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2022.acl-short.1
DOI:
10.18653/v1/2022.acl-short.1
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Elad Ben Zaken, Yoav Goldberg, and Shauli Ravfogel. 2022. BitFit: Simple Parameter-efficient Fine-tuning for Transformer-based Masked Language-models. In Proceedings of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers), pages 1–9, Dublin, Ireland. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
BitFit: Simple Parameter-efficient Fine-tuning for Transformer-based Masked Language-models (Ben Zaken et al., ACL 2022)
Copy Citation:
PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/2022.acl-short.1.pdf
Software:
 2022.acl-short.1.software.zip
Video:
 https://aclanthology.org/2022.acl-short.1.mp4
Code
 benzakenelad/BitFit +  additional community code
Data
CoLAGLUEMRPCQNLISQuADSSTSST-2