Listening to Affected Communities to Define Extreme Speech: Dataset and Experiments

Antonis Maronikolakis, Axel Wisiorek, Leah Nann, Haris Jabbar, Sahana Udupa, Hinrich Schuetze


Abstract
Building on current work on multilingual hate speech (e.g., Ousidhoum et al. (2019)) and hate speech reduction (e.g., Sap et al. (2020)), we present XTREMESPEECH, a new hate speech dataset containing 20,297 social media passages from Brazil, Germany, India and Kenya. The key novelty is that we directly involve the affected communities in collecting and annotating the data – as opposed to giving companies and governments control over defining and combatting hate speech. This inclusive approach results in datasets more representative of actually occurring online speech and is likely to facilitate the removal of the social media content that marginalized communities view as causing the most harm. Based on XTREMESPEECH, we establish novel tasks with accompanying baselines, provide evidence that cross-country training is generally not feasible due to cultural differences between countries and perform an interpretability analysis of BERT’s predictions.
Anthology ID:
2022.findings-acl.87
Volume:
Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2022
Month:
May
Year:
2022
Address:
Dublin, Ireland
Editors:
Smaranda Muresan, Preslav Nakov, Aline Villavicencio
Venue:
Findings
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
1089–1104
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2022.findings-acl.87
DOI:
10.18653/v1/2022.findings-acl.87
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Antonis Maronikolakis, Axel Wisiorek, Leah Nann, Haris Jabbar, Sahana Udupa, and Hinrich Schuetze. 2022. Listening to Affected Communities to Define Extreme Speech: Dataset and Experiments. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2022, pages 1089–1104, Dublin, Ireland. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
Listening to Affected Communities to Define Extreme Speech: Dataset and Experiments (Maronikolakis et al., Findings 2022)
Copy Citation:
PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/2022.findings-acl.87.pdf
Video:
 https://aclanthology.org/2022.findings-acl.87.mp4
Code
 antmarakis/xtremespeech