Same Neurons, Different Languages: Probing Morphosyntax in Multilingual Pre-trained Models

Karolina Stanczak, Edoardo Ponti, Lucas Torroba Hennigen, Ryan Cotterell, Isabelle Augenstein


Abstract
The success of multilingual pre-trained models is underpinned by their ability to learn representations shared by multiple languages even in absence of any explicit supervision. However, it remains unclear how these models learn to generalise across languages. In this work, we conjecture that multilingual pre-trained models can derive language-universal abstractions about grammar. In particular, we investigate whether morphosyntactic information is encoded in the same subset of neurons in different languages. We conduct the first large-scale empirical study over 43 languages and 14 morphosyntactic categories with a state-of-the-art neuron-level probe. Our findings show that the cross-lingual overlap between neurons is significant, but its extent may vary across categories and depends on language proximity and pre-training data size.
Anthology ID:
2022.naacl-main.114
Volume:
Proceedings of the 2022 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies
Month:
July
Year:
2022
Address:
Seattle, United States
Editors:
Marine Carpuat, Marie-Catherine de Marneffe, Ivan Vladimir Meza Ruiz
Venue:
NAACL
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
1589–1598
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2022.naacl-main.114
DOI:
10.18653/v1/2022.naacl-main.114
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Karolina Stanczak, Edoardo Ponti, Lucas Torroba Hennigen, Ryan Cotterell, and Isabelle Augenstein. 2022. Same Neurons, Different Languages: Probing Morphosyntax in Multilingual Pre-trained Models. In Proceedings of the 2022 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, pages 1589–1598, Seattle, United States. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
Same Neurons, Different Languages: Probing Morphosyntax in Multilingual Pre-trained Models (Stanczak et al., NAACL 2022)
Copy Citation:
PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/2022.naacl-main.114.pdf
Video:
 https://aclanthology.org/2022.naacl-main.114.mp4
Code
 copenlu/multilingual-typology-probing +  additional community code