@inproceedings{stahl-etal-2022-prefer,
title = "To Prefer or to Choose? Generating Agency and Power Counterfactuals Jointly for Gender Bias Mitigation",
author = {Stahl, Maja and
Splieth{\"o}ver, Maximilian and
Wachsmuth, Henning},
editor = "Bamman, David and
Hovy, Dirk and
Jurgens, David and
Keith, Katherine and
O'Connor, Brendan and
Volkova, Svitlana",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on Natural Language Processing and Computational Social Science (NLP+CSS)",
month = nov,
year = "2022",
address = "Abu Dhabi, UAE",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://aclanthology.org/2022.nlpcss-1.6",
doi = "10.18653/v1/2022.nlpcss-1.6",
pages = "39--51",
abstract = "Gender bias may emerge from an unequal representation of agency and power, for example, by portraying women frequently as passive and powerless ({``}She accepted her future{''}) and men as proactive and powerful ({``}He chose his future{''}). When language models learn from respective texts, they may reproduce or even amplify the bias. An effective way to mitigate bias is to generate counterfactual sentences with opposite agency and power to the training. Recent work targeted agency-specific verbs from a lexicon to this end. We argue that this is insufficient, due to the interaction of agency and power and their dependence on context. In this paper, we thus develop a new rewriting model that identifies verbs with the desired agency and power in the context of the given sentence. The verbs{'} probability is then boosted to encourage the model to rewrite both connotations jointly. According to automatic metrics, our model effectively controls for power while being competitive in agency to the state of the art. In our main evaluation, human annotators favored its counterfactuals in terms of both connotations, also deeming its meaning preservation better.",
}
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<abstract>Gender bias may emerge from an unequal representation of agency and power, for example, by portraying women frequently as passive and powerless (“She accepted her future”) and men as proactive and powerful (“He chose his future”). When language models learn from respective texts, they may reproduce or even amplify the bias. An effective way to mitigate bias is to generate counterfactual sentences with opposite agency and power to the training. Recent work targeted agency-specific verbs from a lexicon to this end. We argue that this is insufficient, due to the interaction of agency and power and their dependence on context. In this paper, we thus develop a new rewriting model that identifies verbs with the desired agency and power in the context of the given sentence. The verbs’ probability is then boosted to encourage the model to rewrite both connotations jointly. According to automatic metrics, our model effectively controls for power while being competitive in agency to the state of the art. In our main evaluation, human annotators favored its counterfactuals in terms of both connotations, also deeming its meaning preservation better.</abstract>
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%0 Conference Proceedings
%T To Prefer or to Choose? Generating Agency and Power Counterfactuals Jointly for Gender Bias Mitigation
%A Stahl, Maja
%A Spliethöver, Maximilian
%A Wachsmuth, Henning
%Y Bamman, David
%Y Hovy, Dirk
%Y Jurgens, David
%Y Keith, Katherine
%Y O’Connor, Brendan
%Y Volkova, Svitlana
%S Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on Natural Language Processing and Computational Social Science (NLP+CSS)
%D 2022
%8 November
%I Association for Computational Linguistics
%C Abu Dhabi, UAE
%F stahl-etal-2022-prefer
%X Gender bias may emerge from an unequal representation of agency and power, for example, by portraying women frequently as passive and powerless (“She accepted her future”) and men as proactive and powerful (“He chose his future”). When language models learn from respective texts, they may reproduce or even amplify the bias. An effective way to mitigate bias is to generate counterfactual sentences with opposite agency and power to the training. Recent work targeted agency-specific verbs from a lexicon to this end. We argue that this is insufficient, due to the interaction of agency and power and their dependence on context. In this paper, we thus develop a new rewriting model that identifies verbs with the desired agency and power in the context of the given sentence. The verbs’ probability is then boosted to encourage the model to rewrite both connotations jointly. According to automatic metrics, our model effectively controls for power while being competitive in agency to the state of the art. In our main evaluation, human annotators favored its counterfactuals in terms of both connotations, also deeming its meaning preservation better.
%R 10.18653/v1/2022.nlpcss-1.6
%U https://aclanthology.org/2022.nlpcss-1.6
%U https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.nlpcss-1.6
%P 39-51
Markdown (Informal)
[To Prefer or to Choose? Generating Agency and Power Counterfactuals Jointly for Gender Bias Mitigation](https://aclanthology.org/2022.nlpcss-1.6) (Stahl et al., NLP+CSS 2022)
ACL