RadAdapt: Radiology Report Summarization via Lightweight Domain Adaptation of Large Language Models

Dave Van Veen, Cara Van Uden, Maayane Attias, Anuj Pareek, Christian Bluethgen, Malgorzata Polacin, Wah Chiu, Jean-Benoit Delbrouck, Juan Zambrano Chaves, Curtis Langlotz, Akshay Chaudhari, John Pauly


Abstract
We systematically investigate lightweight strategies to adapt large language models (LLMs) for the task of radiology report summarization (RRS). Specifically, we focus on domain adaptation via pretraining (on natural language, biomedical text, or clinical text) and via discrete prompting or parameter-efficient fine-tuning. Our results consistently achieve best performance by maximally adapting to the task via pretraining on clinical text and fine-tuning on RRS examples. Importantly, this method fine-tunes a mere 0.32% of parameters throughout the model, in contrast to end-to-end fine-tuning (100% of parameters). Additionally, we study the effect of in-context examples and out-of-distribution (OOD) training before concluding with a radiologist reader study and qualitative analysis. Our findings highlight the importance of domain adaptation in RRS and provide valuable insights toward developing effective natural language processing solutions for clinical tasks.
Anthology ID:
2023.bionlp-1.42
Volume:
The 22nd Workshop on Biomedical Natural Language Processing and BioNLP Shared Tasks
Month:
July
Year:
2023
Address:
Toronto, Canada
Editors:
Dina Demner-fushman, Sophia Ananiadou, Kevin Cohen
Venue:
BioNLP
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
449–460
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2023.bionlp-1.42
DOI:
10.18653/v1/2023.bionlp-1.42
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Dave Van Veen, Cara Van Uden, Maayane Attias, Anuj Pareek, Christian Bluethgen, Malgorzata Polacin, Wah Chiu, Jean-Benoit Delbrouck, Juan Zambrano Chaves, Curtis Langlotz, Akshay Chaudhari, and John Pauly. 2023. RadAdapt: Radiology Report Summarization via Lightweight Domain Adaptation of Large Language Models. In The 22nd Workshop on Biomedical Natural Language Processing and BioNLP Shared Tasks, pages 449–460, Toronto, Canada. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
RadAdapt: Radiology Report Summarization via Lightweight Domain Adaptation of Large Language Models (Van Veen et al., BioNLP 2023)
Copy Citation:
PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/2023.bionlp-1.42.pdf
Video:
 https://aclanthology.org/2023.bionlp-1.42.mp4