Revisiting Machine Translation for Cross-lingual Classification

Mikel Artetxe, Vedanuj Goswami, Shruti Bhosale, Angela Fan, Luke Zettlemoyer


Abstract
Machine Translation (MT) has been widely used for cross-lingual classification, either by translating the test set into English and running inference with a monolingual model (translate-test), or translating the training set into the target languages and finetuning a multilingual model (translate-train). However, most research in the area focuses on the multilingual models rather than the MT component. We show that, by using a stronger MT system and mitigating the mismatch between training on original text and running inference on machine translated text, translate-test can do substantially better than previously assumed. The optimal approach, however, is highly task dependent, as we identify various sources of cross-lingual transfer gap that affect different tasks and approaches differently. Our work calls into question the dominance of multilingual models for cross-lingual classification, and prompts to pay more attention to MT-based baselines.
Anthology ID:
2023.emnlp-main.399
Volume:
Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
Month:
December
Year:
2023
Address:
Singapore
Editors:
Houda Bouamor, Juan Pino, Kalika Bali
Venue:
EMNLP
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
6489–6499
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2023.emnlp-main.399
DOI:
10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.399
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Mikel Artetxe, Vedanuj Goswami, Shruti Bhosale, Angela Fan, and Luke Zettlemoyer. 2023. Revisiting Machine Translation for Cross-lingual Classification. In Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pages 6489–6499, Singapore. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
Revisiting Machine Translation for Cross-lingual Classification (Artetxe et al., EMNLP 2023)
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PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/2023.emnlp-main.399.pdf
Video:
 https://aclanthology.org/2023.emnlp-main.399.mp4