Evaluating Neural Language Models as Cognitive Models of Language Acquisition

Héctor Javier Vázquez Martínez, Annika Heuser, Charles Yang, Jordan Kodner


Abstract
The success of neural language models (LMs) on many technological tasks has brought about their potential relevance as scientific theories of language despite some clear differences between LM training and child language acquisition. In this paper we argue that some of the most prominent benchmarks for evaluating the syntactic capacities of LMs may not be sufficiently rigorous. In particular, we show that the template-based benchmarks lack the structural diversity commonly found in the theoretical and psychological studies of language. When trained on small-scale data modeling child language acquisition, the LMs can be readily matched by simple baseline models. We advocate for the use of the readily available, carefully curated datasets that have been evaluated for gradient acceptability by large pools of native speakers and are designed to probe the structural basis of grammar specifically. On one such dataset, the LI-Adger dataset, LMs evaluate sentences in a way inconsistent with human language users. We conclude with suggestions for better connecting LMs with the empirical study of child language acquisition.
Anthology ID:
2023.genbench-1.4
Volume:
Proceedings of the 1st GenBench Workshop on (Benchmarking) Generalisation in NLP
Month:
December
Year:
2023
Address:
Singapore
Editors:
Dieuwke Hupkes, Verna Dankers, Khuyagbaatar Batsuren, Koustuv Sinha, Amirhossein Kazemnejad, Christos Christodoulopoulos, Ryan Cotterell, Elia Bruni
Venues:
GenBench | WS
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
48–64
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2023.genbench-1.4
DOI:
10.18653/v1/2023.genbench-1.4
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Héctor Javier Vázquez Martínez, Annika Heuser, Charles Yang, and Jordan Kodner. 2023. Evaluating Neural Language Models as Cognitive Models of Language Acquisition. In Proceedings of the 1st GenBench Workshop on (Benchmarking) Generalisation in NLP, pages 48–64, Singapore. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
Evaluating Neural Language Models as Cognitive Models of Language Acquisition (Vázquez Martínez et al., GenBench-WS 2023)
Copy Citation:
PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/2023.genbench-1.4.pdf
Video:
 https://aclanthology.org/2023.genbench-1.4.mp4