Metric-Based In-context Learning: A Case Study in Text Simplification

Subhadra Vadlamannati, Gözde Şahin


Abstract
In-context learning (ICL) for large language models has proven to be a powerful approach for many natural language processing tasks. However, determining the best method to select examples for ICL is nontrivial as the results can vary greatly depending on the quality, quantity, and order of examples used. In this paper, we conduct a case study on text simplification (TS) to investigate how to select the best and most robust examples for ICL. We propose Metric-Based in-context Learning (MBL) method that utilizes commonly used TS metrics such as SARI, compression ratio, and BERT-Precision for selection. Through an extensive set of experiments with various-sized GPT models on standard TS benchmarks such as TurkCorpus and ASSET, we show that examples selected by the top SARI scores perform the best on larger models such as GPT-175B, while the compression ratio generally performs better on smaller models such as GPT-13B and GPT-6.7B. Furthermore, we demonstrate that MBL is generally robust to example orderings and out-of-domain test sets, and outperforms strong baselines and state-of-the-art finetuned language models. Finally, we show that the behavior of large GPT models can be implicitly controlled by the chosen metric. Our research provides a new framework for selecting examples in ICL, and demonstrates its effectiveness in text simplification tasks, breaking new ground for more accurate and efficient NLG systems.
Anthology ID:
2023.inlg-main.18
Volume:
Proceedings of the 16th International Natural Language Generation Conference
Month:
September
Year:
2023
Address:
Prague, Czechia
Editors:
C. Maria Keet, Hung-Yi Lee, Sina Zarrieß
Venues:
INLG | SIGDIAL
SIG:
SIGGEN
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
253–268
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2023.inlg-main.18
DOI:
10.18653/v1/2023.inlg-main.18
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Subhadra Vadlamannati and Gözde Şahin. 2023. Metric-Based In-context Learning: A Case Study in Text Simplification. In Proceedings of the 16th International Natural Language Generation Conference, pages 253–268, Prague, Czechia. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
Metric-Based In-context Learning: A Case Study in Text Simplification (Vadlamannati & Şahin, INLG-SIGDIAL 2023)
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PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/2023.inlg-main.18.pdf