Transparency Helps Reveal When Language Models Learn Meaning Zhaofeng Wu author William Merrill author Hao Peng author Iz Beltagy author Noah A Smith author 2023 text journal article Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics continuing MIT Press Cambridge, MA periodical academic journal wu-etal-2023-transparency 10.1162/tacl_a_00565 https://aclanthology.org/2023.tacl-1.36/ 2023 11 617 634