Perspective-Taking and Protagonist Prominence

Sara Meuser, Stefan Hinterwimmer, Maximilian Hörl


Abstract
The choice of the perspectival center of a stretch of discourse is crucial for the interpretation of certain phenomena such as free indirect discourse. It has been argued that the protagonist that is most prominent compared to competing protagonists gets to be the perspectival center. In this paper we discuss grammatical function and referential expression as prominence-lending cues and their impact on perspective-taking. We take the anchoring of free indirect discourse as the indicator for a shift in perspective as free indirect discourse can only be processed correctly if the reader is able to ascribe the utterance or thought to a protagonist. Identifying the perspectival center is particularly crucial for the interpretation of a thought or utterance in free indirect discourse mode that can potentially be ascribed to different protagonists, since in contrast to direct or indirect discourse the respective speaker or thinker is not explicitly marked as such in free indirect discourse. In a series of acceptability rating studies, we tested if anchoring of free indirect discourse to the less prominent of two competing referents is perceived to be unnatural. Further, we take a closer look at the role of subject and object as well as the choice of referential expression (proper name compared to indefinite noun phrase). We find that a protagonist referred to with a proper name in subject position is highly preferred as the anchor for free indirect discourse compared to a protagonist referred to with an indefinite noun phrase in object position. Building on these findings, we present evidence that the prominence of the referent that is established in the sentence preceding a sentence in free indirect discourse mode can be overridden by discourse prominence. That is, a referent that is repeatedly mentioned in a short discourse is preferred as the perspectival center regardless of the prominence of a competing referent in the sentence preceding a sentence in free indirect discourse mode.
Anthology ID:
2024.dnd-15.4
Volume:
Dialogue Discourse Volume 15
Month:
August
Year:
2024
Address:
Chicago, Illinois, USA
Editors:
Junyi Jessy Li, Manfred Stede, Amir Zeldes, Jonathan Ginzburg, Kallirroi Georgila, David Traum
Venue:
DND
SIG:
SIGDIAL
Publisher:
University of Illinois Chicago
Note:
Pages:
1–35
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2024.dnd-15.4/
DOI:
10.5210/dad.2024.201
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Sara Meuser, Stefan Hinterwimmer, and Maximilian Hörl. 2024. Perspective-Taking and Protagonist Prominence. Dialogue & Discourse, 15:1–35.
Cite (Informal):
Perspective-Taking and Protagonist Prominence (Meuser et al., DND 2024)
Copy Citation:
PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/2024.dnd-15.4.pdf