What is ”Typological Diversity” in NLP?

Esther Ploeger, Wessel Poelman, Miryam de Lhoneux, Johannes Bjerva


Abstract
The NLP research community has devoted increased attention to languages beyond English, resulting in considerable improvements for multilingual NLP. However, these improvements only apply to a small subset of the world’s languages. An increasing number of papers aspires to enhance generalizable multilingual performance across languages. To this end, linguistic typology is commonly used to motivate language selection, on the basis that a broad typological sample ought to imply generalization across a broad range of languages. These selections are often described as being typologically diverse. In this meta-analysis, we systematically investigate NLP research that includes claims regarding typological diversity. We find there are no set definitions or criteria for such claims. We introduce metrics to approximate the diversity of resulting language samples along several axes and find that the results vary considerably across papers. Crucially, we show that skewed language selection can lead to overestimated multilingual performance. We recommend future work to include an operationalization of typological diversity that empirically justifies the diversity of language samples. To help facilitate this, we release the code for our diversity measures.
Anthology ID:
2024.emnlp-main.326
Volume:
Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
Month:
November
Year:
2024
Address:
Miami, Florida, USA
Editors:
Yaser Al-Onaizan, Mohit Bansal, Yun-Nung Chen
Venue:
EMNLP
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
5681–5700
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2024.emnlp-main.326
DOI:
10.18653/v1/2024.emnlp-main.326
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Esther Ploeger, Wessel Poelman, Miryam de Lhoneux, and Johannes Bjerva. 2024. What is ”Typological Diversity” in NLP?. In Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pages 5681–5700, Miami, Florida, USA. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
What is ”Typological Diversity” in NLP? (Ploeger et al., EMNLP 2024)
Copy Citation:
PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/2024.emnlp-main.326.pdf
Software:
 2024.emnlp-main.326.software.tgz