Fine-Grained Detection of Solidarity for Women and Migrants in 155 Years of German Parliamentary Debates

Aida Kostikova, Dominik Beese, Benjamin Paassen, Ole Pütz, Gregor Wiedemann, Steffen Eger


Abstract
Solidarity is a crucial concept to understand social relations in societies. In this study, we investigate the frequency of (anti-)solidarity towards women and migrants in German parliamentary debates between 1867 and 2022. Using 2,864 manually annotated text snippets, we evaluate large language models (LLMs) like Llama 3, GPT-3.5, and GPT-4. We find that GPT-4 outperforms other models, approaching human annotation accuracy. Using GPT-4, we automatically annotate 18,300 further instances and find that solidarity with migrants outweighs anti-solidarity but that frequencies and solidarity types shift over time. Most importantly, group-based notions of (anti-)solidarity fade in favor of compassionate solidarity, focusing on the vulnerability of migrant groups, and exchange-based anti-solidarity, focusing on the lack of (economic) contribution. This study highlights the interplay of historical events, socio-economic needs, and political ideologies in shaping migration discourse and social cohesion.
Anthology ID:
2024.emnlp-main.337
Volume:
Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
Month:
November
Year:
2024
Address:
Miami, Florida, USA
Editors:
Yaser Al-Onaizan, Mohit Bansal, Yun-Nung Chen
Venue:
EMNLP
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Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
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Pages:
5884–5907
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URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2024.emnlp-main.337
DOI:
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Cite (ACL):
Aida Kostikova, Dominik Beese, Benjamin Paassen, Ole Pütz, Gregor Wiedemann, and Steffen Eger. 2024. Fine-Grained Detection of Solidarity for Women and Migrants in 155 Years of German Parliamentary Debates. In Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pages 5884–5907, Miami, Florida, USA. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
Fine-Grained Detection of Solidarity for Women and Migrants in 155 Years of German Parliamentary Debates (Kostikova et al., EMNLP 2024)
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https://aclanthology.org/2024.emnlp-main.337.pdf