WorryWords: Norms of Anxiety Association for over 44k English Words

Saif Mohammad


Abstract
Anxiety, the anticipatory unease about a potential negative outcome, is a common and beneficial human emotion. However, there is still much that is not known about anxiety, such as how it relates to our body and how it manifests in language; especially pertinent given the increasing impact of related disorders.In this work,we introduce WorryWords, the first large-scale repository of manually derived word–anxiety associations for over 44,450 English words. We show that the anxiety associations are highly reliable.We use WorryWords to study the relationship between anxiety and other emotion constructs, as well as the rate at which children acquire anxiety words with age. Finally, we show that using WorryWords alone, one can accurately track the change of anxiety in streams of text.WorryWords enables a wide variety of anxiety-related research in psychology, NLP, public health, and social sciences.WorryWords (and its translations to over 100 languages) is freely available. http://saifmohammad.com/worrywords.html
Anthology ID:
2024.emnlp-main.910
Volume:
Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
Month:
November
Year:
2024
Address:
Miami, Florida, USA
Editors:
Yaser Al-Onaizan, Mohit Bansal, Yun-Nung Chen
Venue:
EMNLP
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
16261–16278
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2024.emnlp-main.910
DOI:
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Saif Mohammad. 2024. WorryWords: Norms of Anxiety Association for over 44k English Words. In Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pages 16261–16278, Miami, Florida, USA. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
WorryWords: Norms of Anxiety Association for over 44k English Words (Mohammad, EMNLP 2024)
Copy Citation:
PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/2024.emnlp-main.910.pdf