Measuring Bargaining Abilities of LLMs: A Benchmark and A Buyer-Enhancement Method

Tian Xia, Zhiwei He, Tong Ren, Yibo Miao, Zhuosheng Zhang, Yang Yang, Rui Wang


Abstract
Bargaining is an important and unique part of negotiation between humans. As LLM-driven agents learn to negotiate and act like real humans, how to evaluate agents’ bargaining abilities remains an open problem.For the first time, we formally described the Bargaining task as an asymmetric incomplete information game, defining the gains of the Buyer and Seller in multiple bargaining processes. It allows us to quantitatively assess an agent’s performance in the Bargain task.We collected a real product price dataset, AmazonHistoryPrice, and conducted evaluations of various LLM agents’ bargaining abilities. We find that playing a Buyer is much harder than a Seller, and increasing model size can not effectively improve the Buyer’s performance.To address the challenge, we propose a novel approach called OG-Narrator that integrates a deterministic Offer Generator to control the price range of Buyer’s offers, and an LLM Narrator to create natural language sentences for generated offers.Experimental results show that OG-Narrator improves the buyer’s deal rates from 26.67% to 88.88% and brings a ten times multiplication of profits on all baselines, even a model that has not been aligned.
Anthology ID:
2024.findings-acl.213
Volume:
Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2024
Month:
August
Year:
2024
Address:
Bangkok, Thailand
Editors:
Lun-Wei Ku, Andre Martins, Vivek Srikumar
Venue:
Findings
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
3579–3602
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2024.findings-acl.213
DOI:
10.18653/v1/2024.findings-acl.213
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Tian Xia, Zhiwei He, Tong Ren, Yibo Miao, Zhuosheng Zhang, Yang Yang, and Rui Wang. 2024. Measuring Bargaining Abilities of LLMs: A Benchmark and A Buyer-Enhancement Method. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2024, pages 3579–3602, Bangkok, Thailand. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
Measuring Bargaining Abilities of LLMs: A Benchmark and A Buyer-Enhancement Method (Xia et al., Findings 2024)
Copy Citation:
PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/2024.findings-acl.213.pdf