Debug like a Human: A Large Language Model Debugger via Verifying Runtime Execution Step by Step

Li Zhong, Zilong Wang, Jingbo Shang


Abstract
Large language models (LLMs) are leading significant progress in code generation. Beyond one-pass code generation, recent works further integrate unit tests and program verifiers into LLMs to iteratively refine the generated programs. However, these works consider the generated programs as an indivisible entity, which falls short for LLMs in debugging the programs, especially when the programs contain complex logic flows and data operations. In contrast, when human developers debug programs, they typically set breakpoints and selectively examine runtime execution information. The execution flow and the intermediate variables play a crucial role in the debugging process, yet they are underutilized in the existing literature on code generation. In this study, we introduce Large Language Model Debugger (LDB), a novel debugging framework that enables LLMs to refine their generated programs with the runtime execution information. Specifically, LDB segments the programs into basic blocks and tracks the values of intermediate variables after each block throughout the runtime execution. This allows LLMs to concentrate on simpler code units within the overall execution flow, verify their correctness against the task description block by block, and efficiently pinpoint any potential errors. Experiments demonstrate that LDB consistently enhances the baseline performance by up to 9.8% across the HumanEval, MBPP, and TransCoder benchmarks, archiving new state-of-the-art performance in code debugging for various LLM selections.
Anthology ID:
2024.findings-acl.49
Volume:
Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2024
Month:
August
Year:
2024
Address:
Bangkok, Thailand
Editors:
Lun-Wei Ku, Andre Martins, Vivek Srikumar
Venue:
Findings
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
851–870
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2024.findings-acl.49
DOI:
10.18653/v1/2024.findings-acl.49
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Li Zhong, Zilong Wang, and Jingbo Shang. 2024. Debug like a Human: A Large Language Model Debugger via Verifying Runtime Execution Step by Step. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2024, pages 851–870, Bangkok, Thailand. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
Debug like a Human: A Large Language Model Debugger via Verifying Runtime Execution Step by Step (Zhong et al., Findings 2024)
Copy Citation:
PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/2024.findings-acl.49.pdf