Can Machines Resonate with Humans? Evaluating the Emotional and Empathic Comprehension of LMs

Muhammad Arslan Manzoor, Yuxia Wang, Minghan Wang, Preslav Nakov


Abstract
Empathy plays a pivotal role in fostering prosocial behavior, often triggered by the sharing of personal experiences through narratives. However, modeling empathy using NLP approaches remains challenging due to its deep interconnection with human interaction dynamics. Previous approaches, which involve fine-tuning language models (LMs) on human-annotated empathic datasets, have had limited success. In our pursuit of improving empathy understanding in LMs, we propose several strategies, including contrastive learning with masked LMs and supervised fine-tuning with large language models. While these methods show improvements over previous methods, the overall results remain unsatisfactory. To better understand this trend, we performed an analysis which reveals a low agreement among annotators. This lack of consensus hinders training and highlights the subjective nature of the task. We also explore the cultural impact on annotations. To study this, we meticulously collected story pairs in Urdu language and find that subjectivity in interpreting empathy among annotators appears to be independent of cultural background. Our systematic exploration of LMs’ understanding of empathy reveals substantial opportunities for further investigation in both task formulation and modeling.
Anthology ID:
2024.findings-emnlp.861
Volume:
Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2024
Month:
November
Year:
2024
Address:
Miami, Florida, USA
Editors:
Yaser Al-Onaizan, Mohit Bansal, Yun-Nung Chen
Venue:
Findings
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
14683–14701
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2024.findings-emnlp.861
DOI:
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Muhammad Arslan Manzoor, Yuxia Wang, Minghan Wang, and Preslav Nakov. 2024. Can Machines Resonate with Humans? Evaluating the Emotional and Empathic Comprehension of LMs. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2024, pages 14683–14701, Miami, Florida, USA. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
Can Machines Resonate with Humans? Evaluating the Emotional and Empathic Comprehension of LMs (Manzoor et al., Findings 2024)
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https://aclanthology.org/2024.findings-emnlp.861.pdf