Navigating Prompt Complexity for Zero-Shot Classification: A Study of Large Language Models in Computational Social Science

Yida Mu, Ben P. Wu, William Thorne, Ambrose Robinson, Nikolaos Aletras, Carolina Scarton, Kalina Bontcheva, Xingyi Song


Abstract
Instruction-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive language understanding and the capacity to generate responses that follow specific prompts. However, due to the computational demands associated with training these models, their applications often adopt a zero-shot setting. In this paper, we evaluate the zero-shot performance of two publicly accessible LLMs, ChatGPT and OpenAssistant, in the context of six Computational Social Science classification tasks, while also investigating the effects of various prompting strategies. Our experiments investigate the impact of prompt complexity, including the effect of incorporating label definitions into the prompt; use of synonyms for label names; and the influence of integrating past memories during foundation model training. The findings indicate that in a zero-shot setting, current LLMs are unable to match the performance of smaller, fine-tuned baseline transformer models (such as BERT-large). Additionally, we find that different prompting strategies can significantly affect classification accuracy, with variations in accuracy and F1 scores exceeding 10%.
Anthology ID:
2024.lrec-main.1055
Volume:
Proceedings of the 2024 Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-COLING 2024)
Month:
May
Year:
2024
Address:
Torino, Italia
Editors:
Nicoletta Calzolari, Min-Yen Kan, Veronique Hoste, Alessandro Lenci, Sakriani Sakti, Nianwen Xue
Venues:
LREC | COLING
SIG:
Publisher:
ELRA and ICCL
Note:
Pages:
12074–12086
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2024.lrec-main.1055
DOI:
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Yida Mu, Ben P. Wu, William Thorne, Ambrose Robinson, Nikolaos Aletras, Carolina Scarton, Kalina Bontcheva, and Xingyi Song. 2024. Navigating Prompt Complexity for Zero-Shot Classification: A Study of Large Language Models in Computational Social Science. In Proceedings of the 2024 Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-COLING 2024), pages 12074–12086, Torino, Italia. ELRA and ICCL.
Cite (Informal):
Navigating Prompt Complexity for Zero-Shot Classification: A Study of Large Language Models in Computational Social Science (Mu et al., LREC-COLING 2024)
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PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/2024.lrec-main.1055.pdf