Making Sentence Embeddings Robust to User-Generated Content

Lydia Nishimwe, Benoît Sagot, Rachel Bawden


Abstract
NLP models have been known to perform poorly on user-generated content (UGC), mainly because it presents a lot of lexical variations and deviates from the standard texts on which most of these models were trained. In this work, we focus on the robustness of LASER, a sentence embedding model, to UGC data. We evaluate this robustness by LASER’s ability to represent non-standard sentences and their standard counterparts close to each other in the embedding space. Inspired by previous works extending LASER to other languages and modalities, we propose RoLASER, a robust English encoder trained using a teacher-student approach to reduce the distances between the representations of standard and UGC sentences. We show that with training only on standard and synthetic UGC-like data, RoLASER significantly improves LASER’s robustness to both natural and artificial UGC data by achieving up to 2x and 11x better scores. We also perform a fine-grained analysis on artificial UGC data and find that our model greatly outperforms LASER on its most challenging UGC phenomena such as keyboard typos and social media abbreviations. Evaluation on downstream tasks shows that RoLASER performs comparably to or better than LASER on standard data, while consistently outperforming it on UGC data.
Anthology ID:
2024.lrec-main.958
Volume:
Proceedings of the 2024 Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-COLING 2024)
Month:
May
Year:
2024
Address:
Torino, Italia
Editors:
Nicoletta Calzolari, Min-Yen Kan, Veronique Hoste, Alessandro Lenci, Sakriani Sakti, Nianwen Xue
Venues:
LREC | COLING
SIG:
Publisher:
ELRA and ICCL
Note:
Pages:
10984–10998
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2024.lrec-main.958
DOI:
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Lydia Nishimwe, Benoît Sagot, and Rachel Bawden. 2024. Making Sentence Embeddings Robust to User-Generated Content. In Proceedings of the 2024 Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-COLING 2024), pages 10984–10998, Torino, Italia. ELRA and ICCL.
Cite (Informal):
Making Sentence Embeddings Robust to User-Generated Content (Nishimwe et al., LREC-COLING 2024)
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PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/2024.lrec-main.958.pdf