Multi-Operational Mathematical Derivations in Latent Space

Marco Valentino, Jordan Meadows, Lan Zhang, Andre Freitas


Abstract
This paper investigates the possibility of approximating multiple mathematical operations in latent space for expression derivation. To this end, we introduce different multi-operational representation paradigms, modelling mathematical operations as explicit geometric transformations. By leveraging a symbolic engine, we construct a large-scale dataset comprising 1.7M derivation steps stemming from 61K premises and 6 operators, analysing the properties of each paradigm when instantiated with state-of-the-art neural encoders.Specifically, we investigate how different encoding mechanisms can approximate expression manipulation in latent space, exploring the trade-off between learning different operators and specialising within single operations, as well as the ability to support multi-step derivations and out-of-distribution generalisation. Our empirical analysis reveals that the multi-operational paradigm is crucial for disentangling different operators, while discriminating the conclusions for a single operation is achievable in the original expression encoder. Moreover, we show that architectural choices can heavily affect the training dynamics, structural organisation, and generalisation of the latent space, resulting in significant variations across paradigms and classes of encoders.
Anthology ID:
2024.naacl-long.80
Volume:
Proceedings of the 2024 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (Volume 1: Long Papers)
Month:
June
Year:
2024
Address:
Mexico City, Mexico
Editors:
Kevin Duh, Helena Gomez, Steven Bethard
Venue:
NAACL
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
1446–1458
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2024.naacl-long.80
DOI:
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Marco Valentino, Jordan Meadows, Lan Zhang, and Andre Freitas. 2024. Multi-Operational Mathematical Derivations in Latent Space. In Proceedings of the 2024 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (Volume 1: Long Papers), pages 1446–1458, Mexico City, Mexico. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
Multi-Operational Mathematical Derivations in Latent Space (Valentino et al., NAACL 2024)
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https://aclanthology.org/2024.naacl-long.80.pdf
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 2024.naacl-long.80.copyright.pdf