Toward Informal Language Processing: Knowledge of Slang in Large Language Models

Zhewei Sun, Qian Hu, Rahul Gupta, Richard Zemel, Yang Xu


Abstract
Recent advancement in large language models (LLMs) has offered a strong potential for natural language systems to process informal language. A representative form of informal language is slang, used commonly in daily conversations and online social media. To date, slang has not been comprehensively evaluated in LLMs due partly to the absence of a carefully designed and publicly accessible benchmark. Using movie subtitles, we construct a dataset that supports evaluation on a diverse set of tasks pertaining to automatic processing of slang. For both evaluation and finetuning, we show the effectiveness of our dataset on two core applications: 1) slang detection, and 2) identification of regional and historical sources of slang from natural sentences. We also show how our dataset can be used to probe the output distributions of LLMs for interpretive insights. We find that while LLMs such as GPT-4 achieve good performance in a zero-shot setting, smaller BERT-like models finetuned on our dataset achieve comparable performance. Furthermore, we show that our dataset enables finetuning of LLMs such as GPT-3.5 that achieve substantially better performance than strong zero-shot baselines. Our work offers a comprehensive evaluation and a high-quality benchmark on English slang based on the OpenSubtitles corpus, serving both as a publicly accessible resource and a platform for applying tools for informal language processing.
Anthology ID:
2024.naacl-long.94
Volume:
Proceedings of the 2024 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (Volume 1: Long Papers)
Month:
June
Year:
2024
Address:
Mexico City, Mexico
Editors:
Kevin Duh, Helena Gomez, Steven Bethard
Venue:
NAACL
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
1683–1701
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2024.naacl-long.94
DOI:
10.18653/v1/2024.naacl-long.94
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Zhewei Sun, Qian Hu, Rahul Gupta, Richard Zemel, and Yang Xu. 2024. Toward Informal Language Processing: Knowledge of Slang in Large Language Models. In Proceedings of the 2024 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (Volume 1: Long Papers), pages 1683–1701, Mexico City, Mexico. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
Toward Informal Language Processing: Knowledge of Slang in Large Language Models (Sun et al., NAACL 2024)
Copy Citation:
PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/2024.naacl-long.94.pdf