PNLP at MEDIQA-OE 2025: A Zero-Shot Prompting Strategy with Gemini for Medical Order Extraction

Parth Mehta


Abstract
Medical order extraction from doctor-patient conversations presents a critical challenge in reducing clinical documentation burden and ensuring accurate capture of patient care instructions. This paper describes our system for the MEDIQA-OE 2025 shared task using the ACI-Bench and PriMock57 datasets, which achieved second place on the public leaderboard with an average score of 0.6014 across four metrics: description ROUGE-1 F1, reason ROUGE-1 F1, order-type strict F1, and provenance multi-label F1. Unlike traditional approaches that rely on fine-tuned biomedical language models, we demonstrate that a carefully engineered zero-shot prompting strategy using Gemini 2.5 Pro can achieve competitive performance without requiring model training or GPU resources. Our approach employs a deterministic state-machine prompt design incorporating chain-of-thought reasoning, self-verification protocols, and structured JSON output generation. The system particularly excels in reason extraction, achieving 0.4130 ROUGE-1 F1, the highest among the top performing teams. Our results suggest that advanced prompt engineering can effectively bridge the gap between general-purpose large language models and specialized clinical NLP tasks, offering a computationally efficient and immediately deployable alternative to traditional fine-tuning approaches with significant implications for resource-constrained healthcare settings.
Anthology ID:
2025.clinicalnlp-1.9
Volume:
Proceedings of the 7th Clinical Natural Language Processing Workshop
Month:
October
Year:
2025
Address:
Virtual
Editors:
Asma Ben Abacha, Steven Bethard, Danielle Bitterman, Tristan Naumann, Kirk Roberts
Venues:
ClinicalNLP | WS
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
75–83
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2025.clinicalnlp-1.9/
DOI:
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Parth Mehta. 2025. PNLP at MEDIQA-OE 2025: A Zero-Shot Prompting Strategy with Gemini for Medical Order Extraction. In Proceedings of the 7th Clinical Natural Language Processing Workshop, pages 75–83, Virtual. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
PNLP at MEDIQA-OE 2025: A Zero-Shot Prompting Strategy with Gemini for Medical Order Extraction (Mehta, ClinicalNLP 2025)
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PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/2025.clinicalnlp-1.9.pdf