Rethinking the Alignment of Psychotherapy Dialogue Generation with Motivational Interviewing Strategies

Xin Sun, Xiao Tang, Abdallah El Ali, Zhuying Li, Pengjie Ren, Jan de Wit, Jiahuan Pei, Jos A.Bosch


Abstract
Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in generating psychotherapeutic dialogues, particularly in the context of motivational interviewing (MI). However, the inherent lack of transparency in LLM outputs presents significant challenges given the sensitive nature of psychotherapy. Applying MI strategies, a set of MI skills, to generate more controllable therapeutic-adherent conversations with explainability provides a possible solution. In this work, we explore the alignment of LLMs with MI strategies by first prompting the LLMs to predict the appropriate strategies as reasoning and then utilizing these strategies to guide the subsequent dialogue generation. We seek to investigate whether such alignment leads to more controllable and explainable generations. Multiple experiments including automatic and human evaluations are conducted to validate the effectiveness of MI strategies in aligning psychotherapy dialogue generation. Our findings demonstrate the potential of LLMs in producing strategically aligned dialogues and suggest directions for practical applications in psychotherapeutic settings.
Anthology ID:
2025.coling-main.136
Volume:
Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Computational Linguistics
Month:
January
Year:
2025
Address:
Abu Dhabi, UAE
Editors:
Owen Rambow, Leo Wanner, Marianna Apidianaki, Hend Al-Khalifa, Barbara Di Eugenio, Steven Schockaert
Venue:
COLING
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Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
1983–2002
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URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2025.coling-main.136/
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Cite (ACL):
Xin Sun, Xiao Tang, Abdallah El Ali, Zhuying Li, Pengjie Ren, Jan de Wit, Jiahuan Pei, and Jos A.Bosch. 2025. Rethinking the Alignment of Psychotherapy Dialogue Generation with Motivational Interviewing Strategies. In Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Computational Linguistics, pages 1983–2002, Abu Dhabi, UAE. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
Rethinking the Alignment of Psychotherapy Dialogue Generation with Motivational Interviewing Strategies (Sun et al., COLING 2025)
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https://aclanthology.org/2025.coling-main.136.pdf