Comparative Study of Multilingual Idioms and Similes in Large Language Models

Paria Khoshtab, Danial Namazifard, Mostafa Masoudi, Ali Akhgary, Samin Mahdizadeh Sani, Yadollah Yaghoobzadeh


Abstract
This study addresses the gap in the literature concerning the comparative performance of LLMs in interpreting different types of figurative language across multiple languages. By evaluating LLMs using two multilingual datasets on simile and idiom interpretation, we explore the effectiveness of various prompt engineering strategies, including chain-of-thought, few-shot, and English translation prompts. We extend the language of these datasets to Persian as well by building two new evaluation sets. Our comprehensive assessment involves both closed-source (GPT-3.5, GPT-4o mini, Gemini 1.5), and open-source models (Llama 3.1, Qwen2), highlighting significant differences in performance across languages and figurative types. Our findings reveal that while prompt engineering methods are generally effective, their success varies by figurative type, language, and model. We also observe that open-source models struggle particularly with low-resource languages in similes. Additionally, idiom interpretation is nearing saturation for many languages, necessitating more challenging evaluations.
Anthology ID:
2025.coling-main.580
Volume:
Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Computational Linguistics
Month:
January
Year:
2025
Address:
Abu Dhabi, UAE
Editors:
Owen Rambow, Leo Wanner, Marianna Apidianaki, Hend Al-Khalifa, Barbara Di Eugenio, Steven Schockaert
Venue:
COLING
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
8680–8698
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2025.coling-main.580/
DOI:
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Paria Khoshtab, Danial Namazifard, Mostafa Masoudi, Ali Akhgary, Samin Mahdizadeh Sani, and Yadollah Yaghoobzadeh. 2025. Comparative Study of Multilingual Idioms and Similes in Large Language Models. In Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Computational Linguistics, pages 8680–8698, Abu Dhabi, UAE. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
Comparative Study of Multilingual Idioms and Similes in Large Language Models (Khoshtab et al., COLING 2025)
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PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/2025.coling-main.580.pdf