Dying or Departing? Euphemism Detection for Death Discourse in Historical Texts

Ali Al-Laith, Alexander Conroy, Jens Bjerring-Hansen, Bolette Pedersen, Carsten Levisen, Daniel Hershcovich


Abstract
Euphemisms are a linguistic device used to soften discussions of sensitive or uncomfortable topics, with death being a prominent example. In this paper, we present a study on the detection of death-related euphemisms in historical literary texts from a corpus containing Danish and Norwegian novels from the late 19th century. We introduce an annotated dataset of euphemistic and literal references to death, including both common and rare euphemisms, ranging from well-established terms to more culturally nuanced expressions. We evaluate the performances of state-of-the-art pre-trained language models fine-tuned for euphemism detection. Our findings show that fixed, literal expressions of death became less frequent over time, while metaphorical euphemisms grew in prevalence. Additionally, euphemistic language was more common in historical novels, whereas contemporary novels tended to refer to death more literally, reflecting the rise of secularism. These results shed light on the shifting discourse on death during a period when the concept of death as final became prominent.
Anthology ID:
2025.coling-main.90
Volume:
Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Computational Linguistics
Month:
January
Year:
2025
Address:
Abu Dhabi, UAE
Editors:
Owen Rambow, Leo Wanner, Marianna Apidianaki, Hend Al-Khalifa, Barbara Di Eugenio, Steven Schockaert
Venue:
COLING
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
1353–1364
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2025.coling-main.90/
DOI:
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Ali Al-Laith, Alexander Conroy, Jens Bjerring-Hansen, Bolette Pedersen, Carsten Levisen, and Daniel Hershcovich. 2025. Dying or Departing? Euphemism Detection for Death Discourse in Historical Texts. In Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Computational Linguistics, pages 1353–1364, Abu Dhabi, UAE. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
Dying or Departing? Euphemism Detection for Death Discourse in Historical Texts (Al-Laith et al., COLING 2025)
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PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/2025.coling-main.90.pdf