NUMINA: A Natural Understanding Benchmark for Multi-dimensional Intelligence and Numerical Reasoning Abilities

Changyu Zeng, Yifan Wang, Zimu Wang, Wei Wang, Zhengni Yang, Muyi Bao, Jimin Xiao, Anh Nguyen, Yutao Yue


Abstract
Recent advancements in 2D multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have significantly improved performance in vision-language tasks. However, extending these capabilities to 3D environments remains a distinct challenge due to the complexity of spatial reasoning. Nevertheless, existing 3D benchmarks often lack fine-grained numerical reasoning task annotations, limiting MLLMs’ ability to perform precise spatial measurements and complex numerical reasoning. To address this gap, we introduce NUMINA, the first Natural Understanding benchmark for Multi-dimensional Intelligence and Numerical reasoning Abilities to enhance multimodal indoor perceptual understanding. NUMINA features multi-scale annotations and various question-answer pairs, generated using NUMINA-Flow, an automated annotation pipeline that integrates LLM rewriting and rule-based self-verification. We evaluate the performance of various state-of-the-art LLMs on NUMINA following the Chat-Scene framework, demonstrating that current LLMs struggle with multimodal numerical reasoning, particularly in performing precise computations such as distance and volume estimation, highlighting the need for further advancements in 3D models. The dataset and source codes can be obtained from https://github.com/fengshun124/NUMINA.
Anthology ID:
2025.findings-emnlp.1229
Volume:
Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2025
Month:
November
Year:
2025
Address:
Suzhou, China
Editors:
Christos Christodoulopoulos, Tanmoy Chakraborty, Carolyn Rose, Violet Peng
Venue:
Findings
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Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
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Pages:
22575–22590
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URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-emnlp.1229/
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Cite (ACL):
Changyu Zeng, Yifan Wang, Zimu Wang, Wei Wang, Zhengni Yang, Muyi Bao, Jimin Xiao, Anh Nguyen, and Yutao Yue. 2025. NUMINA: A Natural Understanding Benchmark for Multi-dimensional Intelligence and Numerical Reasoning Abilities. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2025, pages 22575–22590, Suzhou, China. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
NUMINA: A Natural Understanding Benchmark for Multi-dimensional Intelligence and Numerical Reasoning Abilities (Zeng et al., Findings 2025)
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https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-emnlp.1229.pdf
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