Investigating Dictionary Expansion for Video-based Sign Language Dictionaries

Aashaka Desai, Daniela Massiceti, Richard Ladner, Hal Daumé Iii, Danielle Bragg, Alex Xijie Lu


Abstract
Like most languages, sign languages evolve over time. It is important that sign language dictionaries’ vocabularies are updated over time to reflect these changes, such as by adding new signs. However, most dictionary retrieval methods based upon machine learning models only work with fixed vocabularies, and it is unclear how they might support dictionary expansion without retraining. In this work, we explore the feasibility of dictionary expansion for sign language dictionaries using a simple representation-based method. We explore a variety of dictionary expansion scenarios, e.g., varying number of signs added as well as amount of data for these newly added signs. Through our results, we show how performance varies significantly across different scenarios, many of which are reflective of real-world data challenges. Our findings offer implications for the development & maintenance of video-based sign language dictionaries, and highlight directions for future research on dictionary expansion.
Anthology ID:
2025.findings-emnlp.1243
Volume:
Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2025
Month:
November
Year:
2025
Address:
Suzhou, China
Editors:
Christos Christodoulopoulos, Tanmoy Chakraborty, Carolyn Rose, Violet Peng
Venue:
Findings
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
22826–22841
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-emnlp.1243/
DOI:
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Aashaka Desai, Daniela Massiceti, Richard Ladner, Hal Daumé Iii, Danielle Bragg, and Alex Xijie Lu. 2025. Investigating Dictionary Expansion for Video-based Sign Language Dictionaries. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2025, pages 22826–22841, Suzhou, China. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
Investigating Dictionary Expansion for Video-based Sign Language Dictionaries (Desai et al., Findings 2025)
Copy Citation:
PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-emnlp.1243.pdf
Checklist:
 2025.findings-emnlp.1243.checklist.pdf