Table-Text Alignment: Explaining Claim Verification Against Tables in Scientific Papers

Xanh Ho, Sunisth Kumar, Yun-Ang Wu, Florian Boudin, Atsuhiro Takasu, Akiko Aizawa


Abstract
Scientific claim verification against tables typically requires predicting whether a claim is supported or refuted given a table. However, we argue that predicting the final label alone is insufficient: it reveals little about the model’s reasoning and offers limited interpretability. To address this, we reframe table–text alignment as an explanation task, requiring models to identify the table cells essential for claim verification. We build a new dataset by extending the SciTab benchmark with human-annotated cell-level rationales. Annotators verify the claim label and highlight the minimal set of cells needed to support their decision. After the annotation process, we utilize the collected information and propose a taxonomy for handling ambiguous cases. Our experiments show that (i) incorporating table alignment information improves claim verification performance, and (ii) most LLMs, while often predicting correct labels, fail to recover human-aligned rationales, suggesting that their predictions do not stem from faithful reasoning.
Anthology ID:
2025.findings-emnlp.135
Volume:
Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2025
Month:
November
Year:
2025
Address:
Suzhou, China
Editors:
Christos Christodoulopoulos, Tanmoy Chakraborty, Carolyn Rose, Violet Peng
Venue:
Findings
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
2509–2517
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URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-emnlp.135/
DOI:
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Cite (ACL):
Xanh Ho, Sunisth Kumar, Yun-Ang Wu, Florian Boudin, Atsuhiro Takasu, and Akiko Aizawa. 2025. Table-Text Alignment: Explaining Claim Verification Against Tables in Scientific Papers. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2025, pages 2509–2517, Suzhou, China. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
Table-Text Alignment: Explaining Claim Verification Against Tables in Scientific Papers (Ho et al., Findings 2025)
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https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-emnlp.135.pdf
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