Rethink Rumor Detection in the Era of LLMs: A Review

Chang Yang, Peng Zhang, Jing Zhang, Hui Gao, Changhao Song


Abstract
The rise of large language models (LLMs) has fundamentally reshaped the technological paradigm of rumor detection, offering transformative opportunities to construct adaptive detection systems while simultaneously ushering in new threats, such as “logically perfect rumors”. This paper aims to unify existing methods in the field of rumor detection and reveal the logical mechanisms behind them. From the perspective of complex systems, we innovatively propose a Cognition-Interaction-Behavior (CIB) tri-level framework for rumor detection based on collective intelligence and explore the synergistic relationship between LLMs and collective intelligence in rumor governance. We identify promising future research directions, including advancing agent-based modeling to capture complex rumor dynamics, addressing emerging challenges unique to the LLM era, and interdisciplinary perspectives. We hope this work lays a theoretical foundation for next-generation rumor detection paradigms and offers valuable insights for advancing the field.
Anthology ID:
2025.findings-emnlp.464
Volume:
Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2025
Month:
November
Year:
2025
Address:
Suzhou, China
Editors:
Christos Christodoulopoulos, Tanmoy Chakraborty, Carolyn Rose, Violet Peng
Venue:
Findings
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
8730–8749
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-emnlp.464/
DOI:
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Chang Yang, Peng Zhang, Jing Zhang, Hui Gao, and Changhao Song. 2025. Rethink Rumor Detection in the Era of LLMs: A Review. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2025, pages 8730–8749, Suzhou, China. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
Rethink Rumor Detection in the Era of LLMs: A Review (Yang et al., Findings 2025)
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https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-emnlp.464.pdf
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