NeLLCom-Lex: A Neural-agent Framework to Study the Interplay between Lexical Systems and Language Use

Yuqing Zhang, Ecesu Ürker, Tessa Verhoef, Gemma Boleda, Arianna Bisazza


Abstract
Lexical semantic change has primarily been investigated with observational and experimental methods; however, observational methods (corpus analysis, distributional semantic modeling) cannot get at causal mechanisms, and experimental paradigms with humans are hard to apply to semantic change due to the extended diachronic processes involved. This work introduces NeLLCom-Lex, a neural-agent framework designed to simulate semantic change by first grounding agents in a real lexical system (e.g. English) and then systematically manipulating their communicative needs. Using a well-established color naming task, we simulate the evolution of a lexical system within a single generation, and study which factors lead agents to: (i) develop human-like naming behavior and lexicons, and (ii) change their behavior and lexicons according to their communicative needs. Our experiments with different supervised and reinforcement learning pipelines show that neural agents trained to ‘speak’ an existing language can reproduce human-like patterns in color naming to a remarkable extent, supporting the further use of NeLLCom-Lex to elucidate the mechanisms of semantic change.
Anthology ID:
2025.findings-emnlp.580
Volume:
Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2025
Month:
November
Year:
2025
Address:
Suzhou, China
Editors:
Christos Christodoulopoulos, Tanmoy Chakraborty, Carolyn Rose, Violet Peng
Venue:
Findings
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
10929–10945
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URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-emnlp.580/
DOI:
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Cite (ACL):
Yuqing Zhang, Ecesu Ürker, Tessa Verhoef, Gemma Boleda, and Arianna Bisazza. 2025. NeLLCom-Lex: A Neural-agent Framework to Study the Interplay between Lexical Systems and Language Use. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2025, pages 10929–10945, Suzhou, China. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
NeLLCom-Lex: A Neural-agent Framework to Study the Interplay between Lexical Systems and Language Use (Zhang et al., Findings 2025)
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https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-emnlp.580.pdf
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