A Survey on LLM-powered Agents for Recommender Systems

Qiyao Peng, Hongtao Liu, Hua Huang, Jian Yang, Qing Yang, Minglai Shao


Abstract
Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding, reasoning, and generation, prompting the recommendation community to leverage these powerful models to address fundamental challenges in traditional recommender systems, including limited comprehension of complex user intents, insufficient interaction capabilities, and inadequate recommendation interpretability. This survey presents a comprehensive synthesis of this rapidly evolving field. We consolidate existing studies into three paradigms: (i) recommender-oriented methods, which directly enhance core recommendation mechanisms; (ii) interaction-oriented methods, which conduct multi-turn conversations to elicit preferences and deliver interpretable explanations; and (iii) simulation-oriented methods, that model user-item interactions through multi-agent frameworks. Then, we dissect a four-module agent architecture: profile, memory, planning, and action. Then we review representative designs, public datasets, and evaluation protocols. Finally, we give the open challenges that impede real-world deployment, including cost-efficient inference, robust evaluation, and security.
Anthology ID:
2025.findings-emnlp.620
Volume:
Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2025
Month:
November
Year:
2025
Address:
Suzhou, China
Editors:
Christos Christodoulopoulos, Tanmoy Chakraborty, Carolyn Rose, Violet Peng
Venue:
Findings
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
11574–11583
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-emnlp.620/
DOI:
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Qiyao Peng, Hongtao Liu, Hua Huang, Jian Yang, Qing Yang, and Minglai Shao. 2025. A Survey on LLM-powered Agents for Recommender Systems. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2025, pages 11574–11583, Suzhou, China. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
A Survey on LLM-powered Agents for Recommender Systems (Peng et al., Findings 2025)
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PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-emnlp.620.pdf
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