Evaluating the Creativity of LLMs in Persian Literary Text Generation

Armin Tourajmehr, Mohammad Reza Modarres, Yadollah Yaghoobzadeh


Abstract
Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated notable creative abilities in generating literary texts, including poetry and short stories. However, prior research has primarily centered on English, with limited exploration of non-English literary traditions and without standardized methods for assessing creativity. In this paper, we evaluate the capacity of LLMs to generate Persian literary text enriched with culturally relevant expressions. We build a dataset of user-generated Persian literary spanning 20 diverse topics and assess model outputs along four creativity dimensions—originality, fluency, flexibility, and elaboration—by adapting the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. To reduce evaluation costs, we adopt an LLM as a judge for automated scoring and validate its reliability against human judgments using intraclass correlation coefficients, observing strong agreement. In addition, we analyze the models’ ability to understand and employ four core literary devices: simile, metaphor, hyperbole, and antithesis. Our results highlight both the strengths and limitations of LLMs in Persian literary text generation, underscoring the need for further refinement.
Anthology ID:
2025.findings-emnlp.796
Volume:
Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2025
Month:
November
Year:
2025
Address:
Suzhou, China
Editors:
Christos Christodoulopoulos, Tanmoy Chakraborty, Carolyn Rose, Violet Peng
Venue:
Findings
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
14762–14774
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-emnlp.796/
DOI:
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Armin Tourajmehr, Mohammad Reza Modarres, and Yadollah Yaghoobzadeh. 2025. Evaluating the Creativity of LLMs in Persian Literary Text Generation. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2025, pages 14762–14774, Suzhou, China. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
Evaluating the Creativity of LLMs in Persian Literary Text Generation (Tourajmehr et al., Findings 2025)
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https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-emnlp.796.pdf
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