Linguistic Alignment Predicts Learning in Small Group Tutoring Sessions

Dorothea French, Robert Moulder, Kelechi Ezema, Katharina von der Wense, Sidney K. DMello


Abstract
Cognitive science offers rich theories of learning and communication, yet these are often difficult to operationalize at scale. We demonstrate how natural language processing can bridge this gap by applying psycholinguistic theories of discourse to real-world educational data. We investigate linguistic alignment – the convergence of conversational partners’ word choice, grammar, and meaning – in a longitudinal dataset of real-world tutoring interactions and associated student test scores. We examine (1) the extent of alignment, (2) role-based patterns among tutors and students, and (3) the relationship between alignment and learning outcomes. We find that both tutors and students exhibit lexical, syntactic, and semantic alignment, with tutors aligning more strongly to students. Crucially, tutor lexical alignment predicts student learning gains, while student lexical alignment negatively predicts them. As a lightweight, interpretable metric, linguistic alignment offers practical applications in intelligent tutoring systems, educator dashboards, and tutor training.
Anthology ID:
2025.findings-emnlp.844
Volume:
Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2025
Month:
November
Year:
2025
Address:
Suzhou, China
Editors:
Christos Christodoulopoulos, Tanmoy Chakraborty, Carolyn Rose, Violet Peng
Venue:
Findings
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
15600–15611
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-emnlp.844/
DOI:
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Dorothea French, Robert Moulder, Kelechi Ezema, Katharina von der Wense, and Sidney K. DMello. 2025. Linguistic Alignment Predicts Learning in Small Group Tutoring Sessions. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2025, pages 15600–15611, Suzhou, China. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
Linguistic Alignment Predicts Learning in Small Group Tutoring Sessions (French et al., Findings 2025)
Copy Citation:
PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-emnlp.844.pdf
Checklist:
 2025.findings-emnlp.844.checklist.pdf