VIVA+: Human-Centered Situational Decision-Making

Zhe Hu, Yixiao Ren, Guanzhong Liu, Jing Li, Yu Yin


Abstract
Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) show promising results for embodied agents in operating meaningfully in complex, human-centered environments. Yet, evaluating their capacity for nuanced, human-like reasoning and decision-making remains challenging. In this work, we introduce VIVA+, a cognitively grounded benchmark for evaluating the reasoning and decision-making of MLLMs in human-centered situations. VIVA+ consists of 1,317 real-world situations paired with 6,373 multiple-choice questions, targeting three core abilities for decision-making: (1) Foundational Situation Comprehension, (2) Context-Driven Action Justification, and (3) Reflective Reasoning. Together, these dimensions provide a systematic framework for assessing a model’s ability to perceive, reason, and act in socially meaningful ways. We evaluate the latest commercial and open-source models on VIVA+, where we reveal distinct performance patterns and highlight significant challenges. We further explore targeted training and multi-step reasoning strategies, which yield consistent performance improvements. Finally, our in-depth analysis highlights current model limitations and provides actionable insights for advancing MLLMs toward more robust, context-aware, and socially adept decision-making in real-world settings.
Anthology ID:
2025.findings-emnlp.944
Volume:
Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2025
Month:
November
Year:
2025
Address:
Suzhou, China
Editors:
Christos Christodoulopoulos, Tanmoy Chakraborty, Carolyn Rose, Violet Peng
Venue:
Findings
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
17420–17437
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URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-emnlp.944/
DOI:
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Zhe Hu, Yixiao Ren, Guanzhong Liu, Jing Li, and Yu Yin. 2025. VIVA+: Human-Centered Situational Decision-Making. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2025, pages 17420–17437, Suzhou, China. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
VIVA+: Human-Centered Situational Decision-Making (Hu et al., Findings 2025)
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https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-emnlp.944.pdf
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