How Aunt-Like Are You? Exploring Gender Bias in the Genderless Estonian Language: A Case Study

Elisabeth Kaukonen, Ahmed Sabir, Rajesh Sharma


Abstract
This paper examines gender bias in Estonian, a grammatically genderless Finno-Ugric language, which doesn’t have gendered noun system nor any gendered pronouns, but expresses gender through vocabulary. In this work, we focus on the male-female compound words ending with -tädi ‘aunt’ and -onu ‘uncle’, aiming to pinpoint the occupations these words signify for women and men, and to examine whether they reveal occupational differentiation and gender stereotypes. The findings indicate that these compounds go beyond occupational titles and highlight prevalent gender bias.
Anthology ID:
2025.nodalida-1.31
Volume:
Proceedings of the Joint 25th Nordic Conference on Computational Linguistics and 11th Baltic Conference on Human Language Technologies (NoDaLiDa/Baltic-HLT 2025)
Month:
march
Year:
2025
Address:
Tallinn, Estonia
Editors:
Richard Johansson, Sara Stymne
Venue:
NoDaLiDa
SIG:
Publisher:
University of Tartu Library
Note:
Pages:
296–301
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2025.nodalida-1.31/
DOI:
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Elisabeth Kaukonen, Ahmed Sabir, and Rajesh Sharma. 2025. How Aunt-Like Are You? Exploring Gender Bias in the Genderless Estonian Language: A Case Study. In Proceedings of the Joint 25th Nordic Conference on Computational Linguistics and 11th Baltic Conference on Human Language Technologies (NoDaLiDa/Baltic-HLT 2025), pages 296–301, Tallinn, Estonia. University of Tartu Library.
Cite (Informal):
How Aunt-Like Are You? Exploring Gender Bias in the Genderless Estonian Language: A Case Study (Kaukonen et al., NoDaLiDa 2025)
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PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/2025.nodalida-1.31.pdf