Reversing Causal Assumptions: Explainability in Online Sports Dialogues

Asteria Kaeberlein, Malihe Alikhani


Abstract
Prior XAI research often assumes inputs must be “causes” and outputs must be “effects”, severely limiting applicability to analyzing behaviors that emerge as reactions or consequences. Many linguistic tasks, such as dialogues and conversations, involve such behaviors. To address this, we propose that the assumed causality from inputs to outputs can be reversed and still remain valid by using outputs that cause changes in features. We show how this enables analysis of complex feature sets through simpler metrics, propose a framework that is generalizable to most linguistic tasks, and highlight best practices for applying our framework. By training a predictive model from complex effects to simple causes, we apply feature attributions to estimate how the inputs change with the outputs. We demonstrate an application of this by studying sports fans’ comments made during a game and compare those comments to a simpler metric, win probability. We also expand on a prior study of intergroup bias, demonstrating how our framework can uncover behaviors that other XAI methods may overlook. We discuss the implications of these findings for advancing interpretability in computational linguistics and improving data-driven-decision-making in social contexts.
Anthology ID:
2025.ranlp-1.58
Volume:
Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing - Natural Language Processing in the Generative AI Era
Month:
September
Year:
2025
Address:
Varna, Bulgaria
Editors:
Galia Angelova, Maria Kunilovskaya, Marie Escribe, Ruslan Mitkov
Venue:
RANLP
SIG:
Publisher:
INCOMA Ltd., Shoumen, Bulgaria
Note:
Pages:
491–500
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2025.ranlp-1.58/
DOI:
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Asteria Kaeberlein and Malihe Alikhani. 2025. Reversing Causal Assumptions: Explainability in Online Sports Dialogues. In Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing - Natural Language Processing in the Generative AI Era, pages 491–500, Varna, Bulgaria. INCOMA Ltd., Shoumen, Bulgaria.
Cite (Informal):
Reversing Causal Assumptions: Explainability in Online Sports Dialogues (Kaeberlein & Alikhani, RANLP 2025)
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PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/2025.ranlp-1.58.pdf