@inproceedings{muti-etal-2025-blue,
title = "Blue-haired, misandriche, rabiata: Tracing the Connotation of `Feminist(s)' Across Time, Languages and Domains",
author = "Muti, Arianna and
Gemelli, Sara and
Moscato, Emanuele and
Francis, Emilie and
Cercas Curry, Amanda and
Plaza-del-Arco, Flor Miriam and
Nozza, Debora",
editor = "Calabrese, Agostina and
de Kock, Christine and
Nozza, Debora and
Plaza-del-Arco, Flor Miriam and
Talat, Zeerak and
Vargas, Francielle",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the The 9th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH)",
month = aug,
year = "2025",
address = "Vienna, Austria",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://aclanthology.org/2025.woah-1.27/",
pages = "299--311",
ISBN = "979-8-89176-105-6",
abstract = "Understanding how words shift in meaning is crucial for analyzing societal attitudes.In this study, we investigate the contextual variations of the terms feminist, feminists along three axes: time, language, and domain.To this aim, we collect and release FEMME, a dataset comprising the occurrences of such terms from 2014 to 2023 in English, Italian and Swedish in Twitter, Reddit and Incel domains.Our methodology leverages frame analysis, as well as fine-tuning and LLMs. We find that the connotation of the plural form feminists is consistently more negative than feminist, indicating more hostility towards feminists as a collective, which often triggers greater societal pushback, reflecting broader patterns of group-based hostility and stigma. Across languages, we observe similar stereotypes towards feminists that often include body shaming, as well as accusations of hypocrisy and irrational behavior. In terms of time, we identify events that trigger a peak in terms of negative or positive connotation.As expected, the Incel spheres show predominantly negative connotations, while the general domains show mixed connotations."
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<abstract>Understanding how words shift in meaning is crucial for analyzing societal attitudes.In this study, we investigate the contextual variations of the terms feminist, feminists along three axes: time, language, and domain.To this aim, we collect and release FEMME, a dataset comprising the occurrences of such terms from 2014 to 2023 in English, Italian and Swedish in Twitter, Reddit and Incel domains.Our methodology leverages frame analysis, as well as fine-tuning and LLMs. We find that the connotation of the plural form feminists is consistently more negative than feminist, indicating more hostility towards feminists as a collective, which often triggers greater societal pushback, reflecting broader patterns of group-based hostility and stigma. Across languages, we observe similar stereotypes towards feminists that often include body shaming, as well as accusations of hypocrisy and irrational behavior. In terms of time, we identify events that trigger a peak in terms of negative or positive connotation.As expected, the Incel spheres show predominantly negative connotations, while the general domains show mixed connotations.</abstract>
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%0 Conference Proceedings
%T Blue-haired, misandriche, rabiata: Tracing the Connotation of ‘Feminist(s)’ Across Time, Languages and Domains
%A Muti, Arianna
%A Gemelli, Sara
%A Moscato, Emanuele
%A Francis, Emilie
%A Cercas Curry, Amanda
%A Plaza-del-Arco, Flor Miriam
%A Nozza, Debora
%Y Calabrese, Agostina
%Y de Kock, Christine
%Y Nozza, Debora
%Y Plaza-del-Arco, Flor Miriam
%Y Talat, Zeerak
%Y Vargas, Francielle
%S Proceedings of the The 9th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH)
%D 2025
%8 August
%I Association for Computational Linguistics
%C Vienna, Austria
%@ 979-8-89176-105-6
%F muti-etal-2025-blue
%X Understanding how words shift in meaning is crucial for analyzing societal attitudes.In this study, we investigate the contextual variations of the terms feminist, feminists along three axes: time, language, and domain.To this aim, we collect and release FEMME, a dataset comprising the occurrences of such terms from 2014 to 2023 in English, Italian and Swedish in Twitter, Reddit and Incel domains.Our methodology leverages frame analysis, as well as fine-tuning and LLMs. We find that the connotation of the plural form feminists is consistently more negative than feminist, indicating more hostility towards feminists as a collective, which often triggers greater societal pushback, reflecting broader patterns of group-based hostility and stigma. Across languages, we observe similar stereotypes towards feminists that often include body shaming, as well as accusations of hypocrisy and irrational behavior. In terms of time, we identify events that trigger a peak in terms of negative or positive connotation.As expected, the Incel spheres show predominantly negative connotations, while the general domains show mixed connotations.
%U https://aclanthology.org/2025.woah-1.27/
%P 299-311
Markdown (Informal)
[Blue-haired, misandriche, rabiata: Tracing the Connotation of ‘Feminist(s)’ Across Time, Languages and Domains](https://aclanthology.org/2025.woah-1.27/) (Muti et al., WOAH 2025)
ACL
- Arianna Muti, Sara Gemelli, Emanuele Moscato, Emilie Francis, Amanda Cercas Curry, Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco, and Debora Nozza. 2025. Blue-haired, misandriche, rabiata: Tracing the Connotation of ‘Feminist(s)’ Across Time, Languages and Domains. In Proceedings of the The 9th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH), pages 299–311, Vienna, Austria. Association for Computational Linguistics.