@inproceedings{li-etal-2026-hdsl,
title = "{HDSL}: A Hierarchical Domain-Specific Language for Structured 3{D} Indoor Scene Generation and Localized Editing with {LLM} Agents",
author = "Li, Letian and
Shen, Chao and
Xie, Shuzhao and
Gu, Chenghao and
He, ZhengXiao and
Meng, Yu and
Yang, Xin and
Jiang, Wenyuan and
Wang, Zhi",
editor = "Zhang, Yue and
Xu, Ruifeng and
Purwarianti, Ayu and
Rong, Tong and
Suzuki, Jun",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 15th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing and the 5th Conference of the {A}sia-Pacific Chapter of the {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
month = nov,
year = "2026",
address = "Hengqin, China",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.aacl-long.247/",
pages = "5519--5538",
ISBN = "979-8-89176-439-2",
abstract = "Text-driven indoor scene generation and editing require an intermediate representation that language models can both produce and revise. Existing LLM-based systems often rely on scene graphs or global constraint lists, which are compact but underspecify local geometry and make instruction-based edits difficult to localize. We frame the task as structured program generation and local program repair, and propose the Hierarchical Descriptive Scene Language (HDSL), an XML/CSS-style domain-specific language in which rooms, regions, objects, and support surfaces form a tree with parent-relative local coordinates. Our pipeline generates HDSL subtrees recursively with bounded verification, grounds non-virtual nodes through multimodal asset retrieval, and applies force-directed layout optimization to repair boundary and collision errors. For editing, Hierarchical Retrieval-Augmented Generation retrieves the relevant subtree, rewrites only that local context, and merges the result back through a deterministic three-way merge. In our reproduced benchmark, HDSL improves average object coverage, text-scene alignment, and generation time over full text-to-scene baselines while remaining competitive with layout-only reproductions on geometry metrics. On thirty paired editing instructions, HRAG reduces token use by 67.6{\%} and runtime by 68.1{\%}, and cuts non-target removals by 87.5{\%} over full-scene rewriting; attribute ablations confirm that local coordinates and virtual/leaf flags are necessary for valid, locality-preserving edits."
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<abstract>Text-driven indoor scene generation and editing require an intermediate representation that language models can both produce and revise. Existing LLM-based systems often rely on scene graphs or global constraint lists, which are compact but underspecify local geometry and make instruction-based edits difficult to localize. We frame the task as structured program generation and local program repair, and propose the Hierarchical Descriptive Scene Language (HDSL), an XML/CSS-style domain-specific language in which rooms, regions, objects, and support surfaces form a tree with parent-relative local coordinates. Our pipeline generates HDSL subtrees recursively with bounded verification, grounds non-virtual nodes through multimodal asset retrieval, and applies force-directed layout optimization to repair boundary and collision errors. For editing, Hierarchical Retrieval-Augmented Generation retrieves the relevant subtree, rewrites only that local context, and merges the result back through a deterministic three-way merge. In our reproduced benchmark, HDSL improves average object coverage, text-scene alignment, and generation time over full text-to-scene baselines while remaining competitive with layout-only reproductions on geometry metrics. On thirty paired editing instructions, HRAG reduces token use by 67.6% and runtime by 68.1%, and cuts non-target removals by 87.5% over full-scene rewriting; attribute ablations confirm that local coordinates and virtual/leaf flags are necessary for valid, locality-preserving edits.</abstract>
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%0 Conference Proceedings
%T HDSL: A Hierarchical Domain-Specific Language for Structured 3D Indoor Scene Generation and Localized Editing with LLM Agents
%A Li, Letian
%A Shen, Chao
%A Xie, Shuzhao
%A Gu, Chenghao
%A He, ZhengXiao
%A Meng, Yu
%A Yang, Xin
%A Jiang, Wenyuan
%A Wang, Zhi
%Y Zhang, Yue
%Y Xu, Ruifeng
%Y Purwarianti, Ayu
%Y Rong, Tong
%Y Suzuki, Jun
%S Proceedings of the 15th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing and the 5th Conference of the Asia-Pacific Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)
%D 2026
%8 November
%I Association for Computational Linguistics
%C Hengqin, China
%@ 979-8-89176-439-2
%F li-etal-2026-hdsl
%X Text-driven indoor scene generation and editing require an intermediate representation that language models can both produce and revise. Existing LLM-based systems often rely on scene graphs or global constraint lists, which are compact but underspecify local geometry and make instruction-based edits difficult to localize. We frame the task as structured program generation and local program repair, and propose the Hierarchical Descriptive Scene Language (HDSL), an XML/CSS-style domain-specific language in which rooms, regions, objects, and support surfaces form a tree with parent-relative local coordinates. Our pipeline generates HDSL subtrees recursively with bounded verification, grounds non-virtual nodes through multimodal asset retrieval, and applies force-directed layout optimization to repair boundary and collision errors. For editing, Hierarchical Retrieval-Augmented Generation retrieves the relevant subtree, rewrites only that local context, and merges the result back through a deterministic three-way merge. In our reproduced benchmark, HDSL improves average object coverage, text-scene alignment, and generation time over full text-to-scene baselines while remaining competitive with layout-only reproductions on geometry metrics. On thirty paired editing instructions, HRAG reduces token use by 67.6% and runtime by 68.1%, and cuts non-target removals by 87.5% over full-scene rewriting; attribute ablations confirm that local coordinates and virtual/leaf flags are necessary for valid, locality-preserving edits.
%U https://aclanthology.org/2026.aacl-long.247/
%P 5519-5538
Markdown (Informal)
[HDSL: A Hierarchical Domain-Specific Language for Structured 3D Indoor Scene Generation and Localized Editing with LLM Agents](https://aclanthology.org/2026.aacl-long.247/) (Li et al., AACL-IJCNLP 2026)
ACL
- Letian Li, Chao Shen, Shuzhao Xie, Chenghao Gu, ZhengXiao He, Yu Meng, Xin Yang, Wenyuan Jiang, and Zhi Wang. 2026. HDSL: A Hierarchical Domain-Specific Language for Structured 3D Indoor Scene Generation and Localized Editing with LLM Agents. In Proceedings of the 15th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing and the 5th Conference of the Asia-Pacific Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), pages 5519–5538, Hengqin, China. Association for Computational Linguistics.