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    <abstract>Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) enable cross-modal semantic understanding and generation by learning semantic alignment and fusion across modalities. However, existing MLLMs still face challenges in fine-grained visual tasks. Their uniform encoding for global understanding tends to blur or lose local details, while the lack of explicit modeling of intermediate visual evidence leads them to rely on semantic priors or the statistical patterns of language models rather than grounded visual information, resulting in potential hallucinations. To address these issues, we propose HiPerson, a training-free hierarchical perception-reasoning framework that enhances fine-grained visual understanding by simulating human perception mechanisms. Specifically, HiPerson fuses internal relative attention and gradient activation signals to generate a task-aware semantic heatmap, providing explicit perceptual anchors for precise localization. Then, it employs a dual-scale adaptive cropping strategy to extract visual cues for interactive reasoning, simulating the process of human visual focus shifting and detail attention. Finally, by combining local-global dual-image cooperative input with a multi-step reasoning prompting mechanism, HiPerson guides the model to complete a full perception loop from detail observation to contextual verification. Experiments show that HiPerson achieves competitive results on multiple datasets, demonstrating its generalizability and scalability.</abstract>
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%0 Conference Proceedings
%T Beyond the Panorama: Training-Free Hierarchical Perception-Reasoning for Fine-Grained Vision in MLLMs
%A Yi, Xiaoyang
%A Chen, Jing
%A Peng, Li
%A Bao, Yuru
%A Zhang, Jian
%Y Liakata, Maria
%Y Moreira, Viviane P.
%Y Zhang, Jiajun
%Y Jurgens, David
%S Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)
%D 2026
%8 July
%I Association for Computational Linguistics
%C San Diego, California, United States
%@ 979-8-89176-390-6
%F yi-etal-2026-beyond
%X Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) enable cross-modal semantic understanding and generation by learning semantic alignment and fusion across modalities. However, existing MLLMs still face challenges in fine-grained visual tasks. Their uniform encoding for global understanding tends to blur or lose local details, while the lack of explicit modeling of intermediate visual evidence leads them to rely on semantic priors or the statistical patterns of language models rather than grounded visual information, resulting in potential hallucinations. To address these issues, we propose HiPerson, a training-free hierarchical perception-reasoning framework that enhances fine-grained visual understanding by simulating human perception mechanisms. Specifically, HiPerson fuses internal relative attention and gradient activation signals to generate a task-aware semantic heatmap, providing explicit perceptual anchors for precise localization. Then, it employs a dual-scale adaptive cropping strategy to extract visual cues for interactive reasoning, simulating the process of human visual focus shifting and detail attention. Finally, by combining local-global dual-image cooperative input with a multi-step reasoning prompting mechanism, HiPerson guides the model to complete a full perception loop from detail observation to contextual verification. Experiments show that HiPerson achieves competitive results on multiple datasets, demonstrating its generalizability and scalability.
%U https://aclanthology.org/2026.acl-long.1409/
%P 30534-30549

Markdown (Informal)

[Beyond the Panorama: Training-Free Hierarchical Perception-Reasoning for Fine-Grained Vision in MLLMs](https://aclanthology.org/2026.acl-long.1409/) (Yi et al., ACL 2026)

• Beyond the Panorama: Training-Free Hierarchical Perception-Reasoning for Fine-Grained Vision in MLLMs (Yi et al., ACL 2026)

ACL

• Xiaoyang Yi, Jing Chen, Li Peng, Yuru Bao, and Jian Zhang. 2026. Beyond the Panorama: Training-Free Hierarchical Perception-Reasoning for Fine-Grained Vision in MLLMs. In Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), pages 30534–30549, San Diego, California, United States. Association for Computational Linguistics.