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        <title>Language Reconstruction with Brain Predictive Coding from fMRI Data</title>
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        <namePart type="given">Congchi</namePart>
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            <title>Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)</title>
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        <name type="personal">
            <namePart type="given">Maria</namePart>
            <namePart type="family">Liakata</namePart>
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            <namePart type="given">Viviane</namePart>
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            <namePart type="given">Jiajun</namePart>
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    <abstract>Many recent studies have shown that the perception of speech can be decoded from brain signals and subsequently reconstructed as continuous language. However, there is a lack of neurological basis for how the semantic information embedded within brain signals can be used more effectively to guide language reconstruction. Predictive coding theory suggests the human brain naturally engages in continuously predicting future words that span multiple timescales. This implies that the decoding of brain signals could potentially be associated with a predictable future. To explore the predictive coding theory within the context of language reconstruction, this paper proposes PredFT (FMRI-to-Text decoding with Predictive coding). PredFT consists of a main network and a side network. The side network obtains brain predictive representation from related regions of interest (ROIs) with a self-attention module. The representation is then fused into the main network for continuous language decoding. Experiments on two naturalistic language comprehension fMRI datasets show that PredFT outperforms current decoding models on several evaluation metrics.</abstract>
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%0 Conference Proceedings
%T Language Reconstruction with Brain Predictive Coding from fMRI Data
%A Yin, Congchi
%A Ye, Ziyi
%A Li, Piji
%Y Liakata, Maria
%Y Moreira, Viviane P.
%Y Zhang, Jiajun
%Y Jurgens, David
%S Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)
%D 2026
%8 July
%I Association for Computational Linguistics
%C San Diego, California, United States
%@ 979-8-89176-390-6
%F yin-etal-2026-language
%X Many recent studies have shown that the perception of speech can be decoded from brain signals and subsequently reconstructed as continuous language. However, there is a lack of neurological basis for how the semantic information embedded within brain signals can be used more effectively to guide language reconstruction. Predictive coding theory suggests the human brain naturally engages in continuously predicting future words that span multiple timescales. This implies that the decoding of brain signals could potentially be associated with a predictable future. To explore the predictive coding theory within the context of language reconstruction, this paper proposes PredFT (FMRI-to-Text decoding with Predictive coding). PredFT consists of a main network and a side network. The side network obtains brain predictive representation from related regions of interest (ROIs) with a self-attention module. The representation is then fused into the main network for continuous language decoding. Experiments on two naturalistic language comprehension fMRI datasets show that PredFT outperforms current decoding models on several evaluation metrics.
%R 10.18653/v1/2026.acl-long.949
%U https://aclanthology.org/2026.acl-long.949/
%U https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.acl-long.949
%P 20720-20743

Markdown (Informal)

[Language Reconstruction with Brain Predictive Coding from fMRI Data](https://aclanthology.org/2026.acl-long.949/) (Yin et al., ACL 2026)

• Language Reconstruction with Brain Predictive Coding from fMRI Data (Yin et al., ACL 2026)

ACL

• Congchi Yin, Ziyi Ye, and Piji Li. 2026. Language Reconstruction with Brain Predictive Coding from fMRI Data. In Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), pages 20720–20743, San Diego, California, United States. Association for Computational Linguistics.