Power Asymmetries, Bias, and AI, a Reflection of Society on Low-Resourced Languages - African Languages as Case Study

Simbiat Ajao


Abstract
In recent times, artificial intelligence (AI) systems have become the primary intermediary to information access, services, and opportunities. Currently, there are growing concerns as to how existing social inequalities are reproduced and amplified through AI. This is significantly evident in language technologies, where a small number of dominant languages or what we’ll refer to as big languages and cultural contexts shape the training, design, and evaluation of models. This paper examines the intersections of power asymmetries, linguistic bias, and cultural representation in AI, with a major focus on African languages and communities. We argue that current Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems reflect a high level of global imbalances in the availability of data, infrastructure, and decision making power, often marginalizing low-resourced languages and cultural peculiarities. It is important we know that how these data are structured is a great determinant in what their outcome will be. With reference to examples from speech recognition, machine translation, and large language models, we highlight the social and cultural consequences of linguistic exclusion, including reduced accessibility, misinterpretation, and digital invisibility. Finally, we identify and discuss pathways toward more equitable language technologies, emphasizing community-led data practices, interdisciplinary collaboration, and context-aware evaluation frameworks. By foregrounding language as both a technical and political concern, this work advocates for African-centered approaches to NLP that promote fairness, accountability, and linguistic justice in AI development.
Anthology ID:
2026.africanlp-main.24
Volume:
Proceedings of the 7th Workshop on African Natural Language Processing (AfricaNLP 2026)
Month:
March
Year:
2026
Address:
Rabat, Morocco
Editors:
Everlyn Asiko Chimoto, Constantine Lignos, Shamsuddeen Muhammad, Idris Abdulmumin, Clemencia Siro, David Ifeoluwa Adelani
Venues:
AfricaNLP | WS
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
235–242
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2026.africanlp-main.24/
DOI:
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Simbiat Ajao. 2026. Power Asymmetries, Bias, and AI, a Reflection of Society on Low-Resourced Languages - African Languages as Case Study. In Proceedings of the 7th Workshop on African Natural Language Processing (AfricaNLP 2026), pages 235–242, Rabat, Morocco. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
Power Asymmetries, Bias, and AI, a Reflection of Society on Low-Resourced Languages - African Languages as Case Study (Ajao, AfricaNLP 2026)
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https://aclanthology.org/2026.africanlp-main.24.pdf