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    <abstract>AI-based comparative judgment was evaluated as a tool for early item difficulty estimation. Three AI judges compared new TIMSS Grade 4 mathematics items with calibrated anchors, with rankings analyzed using a fixed-anchor Bradley-Terry model. Results show meaningful difficulty signals, supporting scalable supplementary use while highlighting anchor coverage and comparison-network design.</abstract>
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%0 Conference Proceedings
%T Anchored Bradley-Terry Calibration Using LLM Comparative Judgments
%A Bezirhan, Ummugul
%A von Davier, Matthias
%Y Wilson, Joshua
%Y Ormerod, Christopher
%Y Beiting-Parrish, Magdalen
%S Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Measurement and Education Conference (AIME-Con): Full Papers
%D 2026
%8 October
%I National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME)
%C Wyndham Grand Pittsburgh Downtown, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
%@ 979-8-9983004-0-0
%F bezirhan-von-davier-2026-anchored
%X AI-based comparative judgment was evaluated as a tool for early item difficulty estimation. Three AI judges compared new TIMSS Grade 4 mathematics items with calibrated anchors, with rankings analyzed using a fixed-anchor Bradley-Terry model. Results show meaningful difficulty signals, supporting scalable supplementary use while highlighting anchor coverage and comparison-network design.
%U https://aclanthology.org/2026.aimecon-main.40/
%P 365-371

Markdown (Informal)

[Anchored Bradley-Terry Calibration Using LLM Comparative Judgments](https://aclanthology.org/2026.aimecon-main.40/) (Bezirhan & von Davier, AIME-Con 2026)

• Anchored Bradley-Terry Calibration Using LLM Comparative Judgments (Bezirhan & von Davier, AIME-Con 2026)

ACL

• Ummugul Bezirhan and Matthias von Davier. 2026. Anchored Bradley-Terry Calibration Using LLM Comparative Judgments. In Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Measurement and Education Conference (AIME-Con): Full Papers, pages 365–371, Wyndham Grand Pittsburgh Downtown, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME).