Automated Scoring of Oral Reading Fluency: An examination of validity evidence

Walter L. Leite; Krishna Sudeep Kumar; Jaiden Magnan; Stephanie Hammerschmidt-Snidarich; Seyedahmad Rahimi; Zoey Liu

Automated Scoring of Oral Reading Fluency: An examination of validity evidence

Walter L Leite, Krishna Sudeep Kumar, Jaiden Magnan, Stephanie Hammerschmidt-Snidarich, Seyedahmad Rahimi, Zoey Liu

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Abstract

This study provides validity evidence for automated scoring of oral reading fluency (ORF) using off-the-shelf automatic speech recognition (ASR) models. A corpus of 320 audio recordings of 63 children collected with a digital literacy platform was used to estimate words correct per minute (WCPM) with six model variants.

Anthology ID:: 2026.aimecon-main.53
Volume:: Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Measurement and Education Conference (AIME-Con): Full Papers
Month:: October
Year:: 2026
Address:: Wyndham Grand Pittsburgh Downtown, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
Editors:: Joshua Wilson, Christopher Ormerod, Magdalen Beiting-Parrish
Venue:: AIME-Con
SIG:
Publisher:: National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME)
Note:
Pages:: 472–482
Language:
URL:: https://aclanthology.org/2026.aimecon-main.53/
DOI:
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):: Walter L Leite, Krishna Sudeep Kumar, Jaiden Magnan, Stephanie Hammerschmidt-Snidarich, Seyedahmad Rahimi, and Zoey Liu. 2026. Automated Scoring of Oral Reading Fluency: An examination of validity evidence. In Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Measurement and Education Conference (AIME-Con): Full Papers, pages 472–482, Wyndham Grand Pittsburgh Downtown, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME).
Cite (Informal):: Automated Scoring of Oral Reading Fluency: An examination of validity evidence (Leite et al., AIME-Con 2026)
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PDF:: https://aclanthology.org/2026.aimecon-main.53.pdf

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@inproceedings{leite-etal-2026-automated,
    title = "Automated Scoring of Oral Reading Fluency: An examination of validity evidence",
    author = "Leite, Walter L  and
      Sudeep Kumar, Krishna  and
      Magnan, Jaiden  and
      Hammerschmidt-Snidarich, Stephanie  and
      Rahimi, Seyedahmad  and
      Liu, Zoey",
    editor = "Wilson, Joshua  and
      Ormerod, Christopher  and
      Beiting-Parrish, Magdalen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Measurement and Education Conference ({AIME}-Con): Full Papers",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Wyndham Grand Pittsburgh Downtown, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States",
    publisher = "National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME)",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.aimecon-main.53/",
    pages = "472--482",
    ISBN = "979-8-9983004-0-0",
    abstract = "This study provides validity evidence for automated scoring of oral reading fluency (ORF) using off-the-shelf automatic speech recognition (ASR) models. A corpus of 320 audio recordings of 63 children collected with a digital literacy platform was used to estimate words correct per minute (WCPM) with six model variants."
}

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%0 Conference Proceedings
%T Automated Scoring of Oral Reading Fluency: An examination of validity evidence
%A Leite, Walter L.
%A Sudeep Kumar, Krishna
%A Magnan, Jaiden
%A Hammerschmidt-Snidarich, Stephanie
%A Rahimi, Seyedahmad
%A Liu, Zoey
%Y Wilson, Joshua
%Y Ormerod, Christopher
%Y Beiting-Parrish, Magdalen
%S Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Measurement and Education Conference (AIME-Con): Full Papers
%D 2026
%8 October
%I National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME)
%C Wyndham Grand Pittsburgh Downtown, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
%@ 979-8-9983004-0-0
%F leite-etal-2026-automated
%X This study provides validity evidence for automated scoring of oral reading fluency (ORF) using off-the-shelf automatic speech recognition (ASR) models. A corpus of 320 audio recordings of 63 children collected with a digital literacy platform was used to estimate words correct per minute (WCPM) with six model variants.
%U https://aclanthology.org/2026.aimecon-main.53/
%P 472-482

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Markdown (Informal)

[Automated Scoring of Oral Reading Fluency: An examination of validity evidence](https://aclanthology.org/2026.aimecon-main.53/) (Leite et al., AIME-Con 2026)

Automated Scoring of Oral Reading Fluency: An examination of validity evidence (Leite et al., AIME-Con 2026)

ACL

Walter L Leite, Krishna Sudeep Kumar, Jaiden Magnan, Stephanie Hammerschmidt-Snidarich, Seyedahmad Rahimi, and Zoey Liu. 2026. Automated Scoring of Oral Reading Fluency: An examination of validity evidence. In Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Measurement and Education Conference (AIME-Con): Full Papers, pages 472–482, Wyndham Grand Pittsburgh Downtown, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME).