Evaluating Feedback Focus and Pedagogical Adaptivity in LLM Feedback on Student Writing

Norah Almousa; Shayan Peyghambari Oskoui; Raquel Coelho; Gayle Rogers; Xiang Lorraine Li; Diane Litman

Evaluating Feedback Focus and Pedagogical Adaptivity in LLM Feedback on Student Writing

Norah Almousa, Shayan Peyghambari Oskoui, Raquel Coelho, Gayle Rogers, Xiang Lorraine Li, Diane Litman

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Abstract

We examine whether LLMs generate feedback aligned with expert teachers’ practices in feedback focus and adaptivity. We present FeedType, a benchmark of annotated teacher and LLM feedback to evaluate this alignment. Results reveal that while LLMs cover most feedback types, they fail to fully replicate teachers’ feedback distributions and adaptivity.

Anthology ID:: 2026.aimecon-main.7
Volume:: Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Measurement and Education Conference (AIME-Con): Full Papers
Month:: October
Year:: 2026
Address:: Wyndham Grand Pittsburgh Downtown, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
Editors:: Joshua Wilson, Christopher Ormerod, Magdalen Beiting-Parrish
Venue:: AIME-Con
SIG:
Publisher:: National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME)
Note:
Pages:: 55–75
Language:
URL:: https://aclanthology.org/2026.aimecon-main.7/
DOI:
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):: Norah Almousa, Shayan Peyghambari Oskoui, Raquel Coelho, Gayle Rogers, Xiang Lorraine Li, and Diane Litman. 2026. Evaluating Feedback Focus and Pedagogical Adaptivity in LLM Feedback on Student Writing. In Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Measurement and Education Conference (AIME-Con): Full Papers, pages 55–75, Wyndham Grand Pittsburgh Downtown, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME).
Cite (Informal):: Evaluating Feedback Focus and Pedagogical Adaptivity in LLM Feedback on Student Writing (Almousa et al., AIME-Con 2026)
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PDF:: https://aclanthology.org/2026.aimecon-main.7.pdf

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@inproceedings{almousa-etal-2026-evaluating,
    title = "Evaluating Feedback Focus and Pedagogical Adaptivity in {LLM} Feedback on Student Writing",
    author = "Almousa, Norah  and
      Oskoui, Shayan Peyghambari  and
      Coelho, Raquel  and
      Rogers, Gayle  and
      Li, Xiang Lorraine  and
      Litman, Diane",
    editor = "Wilson, Joshua  and
      Ormerod, Christopher  and
      Beiting-Parrish, Magdalen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Measurement and Education Conference ({AIME}-Con): Full Papers",
    month = oct,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Wyndham Grand Pittsburgh Downtown, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States",
    publisher = "National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME)",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2026.aimecon-main.7/",
    pages = "55--75",
    ISBN = "979-8-9983004-0-0",
    abstract = "We examine whether LLMs generate feedback aligned with expert teachers' practices in feedback focus and adaptivity. We present FeedType, a benchmark of annotated teacher and LLM feedback to evaluate this alignment. Results reveal that while LLMs cover most feedback types, they fail to fully replicate teachers' feedback distributions and adaptivity."
}

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%0 Conference Proceedings
%T Evaluating Feedback Focus and Pedagogical Adaptivity in LLM Feedback on Student Writing
%A Almousa, Norah
%A Oskoui, Shayan Peyghambari
%A Coelho, Raquel
%A Rogers, Gayle
%A Li, Xiang Lorraine
%A Litman, Diane
%Y Wilson, Joshua
%Y Ormerod, Christopher
%Y Beiting-Parrish, Magdalen
%S Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Measurement and Education Conference (AIME-Con): Full Papers
%D 2026
%8 October
%I National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME)
%C Wyndham Grand Pittsburgh Downtown, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
%@ 979-8-9983004-0-0
%F almousa-etal-2026-evaluating
%X We examine whether LLMs generate feedback aligned with expert teachers’ practices in feedback focus and adaptivity. We present FeedType, a benchmark of annotated teacher and LLM feedback to evaluate this alignment. Results reveal that while LLMs cover most feedback types, they fail to fully replicate teachers’ feedback distributions and adaptivity.
%U https://aclanthology.org/2026.aimecon-main.7/
%P 55-75

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Markdown (Informal)

[Evaluating Feedback Focus and Pedagogical Adaptivity in LLM Feedback on Student Writing](https://aclanthology.org/2026.aimecon-main.7/) (Almousa et al., AIME-Con 2026)

Evaluating Feedback Focus and Pedagogical Adaptivity in LLM Feedback on Student Writing (Almousa et al., AIME-Con 2026)

ACL

Norah Almousa, Shayan Peyghambari Oskoui, Raquel Coelho, Gayle Rogers, Xiang Lorraine Li, and Diane Litman. 2026. Evaluating Feedback Focus and Pedagogical Adaptivity in LLM Feedback on Student Writing. In Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence in Measurement and Education Conference (AIME-Con): Full Papers, pages 55–75, Wyndham Grand Pittsburgh Downtown, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME).